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CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH. What are the Uses of Correlational Research? What are the Requirements for Correlational Research? Why Doesn’t Correlation Mean Causation? What is a Cross-Lagged Panel?. What Are the Uses of Correlational Research?. Test reliability Test validity

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CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

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  1. CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH • What are the Uses of Correlational Research? • What are the Requirements for Correlational Research? • Why Doesn’t Correlation Mean Causation? • What is a Cross-Lagged Panel?

  2. What Are the Uses of Correlational Research? • Test reliability • Test validity • Test hypotheses about relationships between variables • Predict scores (regression)

  3. What Are the Requirements for Correlational Research? • Any of the descriptive methods can be used (observation, survey, archival, physical traces). • Must have independent pairsof scores.

  4. Why Doesn’t Correlation Mean Causation? • A correlation by itself does not show that one variable causes the other due to: • the third variable problem • the directionality problem • A correlation is consistent with a causal relationship but does not demonstrate causation.

  5. Why Doesn’t Correlation Mean Causation? • A correlation between X and Y could be caused by a third variable influencing both X and Y. • If Z influences both X and Y, then X and Y will be correlated only because they are both affected by Z. • Particular third variables can be measured and statistically controlled using partial correlation.

  6. Why Doesn’t Correlation Mean Causation? • A correlation between X and Y could be a result of X causing Y or Y causing X; this is the directionality problem. • Directionality can be examined using a cross-lagged panel design.

  7. What is a Cross-Lagged Panel? • Design used to determine direction of cause • Measure both variables at two different points in time • Cause cannot work backwards in time

  8. Time 1 Time 2 variable X variable X variable Y variable Y

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