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MIDDLE AMERICA I (chapter 4: 197-216)

MIDDLE AMERICA I (chapter 4: 197-216). INTRODUCTION TO MIDDLE AMERICA. DEFINING THE REALM MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, CARIBBEAN ISLANDS MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC QUALITIES FRAGMENTED - PHYSICALLY AND POLITICALLY DIVERSE CULTURALLY POVERTY IS ENDEMIC. REGIONS OF MIDDLE AMERICA. Greater Antilles.

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MIDDLE AMERICA I (chapter 4: 197-216)

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  1. MIDDLE AMERICA I(chapter 4: 197-216)

  2. INTRODUCTION TO MIDDLE AMERICA • DEFINING THE REALM • MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, CARIBBEAN ISLANDS • MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC QUALITIES • FRAGMENTED - PHYSICALLY AND POLITICALLY • DIVERSE CULTURALLY • POVERTY IS ENDEMIC

  3. REGIONS OF MIDDLE AMERICA Greater Antilles Mexico LesserAntilles Central America

  4. MIDDLE AMERICA

  5. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY • LAND BRIDGE • ARCHIPELAGO • GREATER AND LESSER ANTILLES • NATURAL HAZARDS • EARTHQUAKES • VOLCANOES • HURRICANES I wonder why?

  6. WORLD TECTONIC PLATES

  7. DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHQUAKES & VOLCANOES

  8. WORLD HURRICANE TRACKS

  9. CULTURE HEARTH • SOURCE AREAS from which radiated ideas, innovations, and ideologies that changed the world beyond. MA Hearths Aztecs Mayans

  10. MESOAMERICA • CULTURE HEARTHS • MAYA CIVILIZATION • 3000 BP • CLASSIC PERIOD 200-900 AD • HONDURAS, GUATEMALA, BELIZE, YUCATAN PENINSULA • THEOCRATIC STRUCTURE • AZTEC CIVILIZATION • 1300 AD • VALLEY OF MEXICO • TENOCHTITLAN (>100,000 PEOPLE)

  11. COLONIAL HERITAGE SPAIN FRANCE BRITAIN

  12. THE LEGACY OF COLONIALISM • Land was appropriated - colonial commercial interests • Lands devoted to food crops for local consumption were convertedto cash croppingfor export • Land Alienationinduces: • Famine • Poverty • Migration • Little agricultural diversity

  13. COLONIAL SPHERES

  14. MAINLAND/RIMLAND FRAMEWORK • MAINLAND • EURO-INDIAN INFLUENCE • GREATER ISOLATION • HACIENDA PREVAILED • RIMLAND • EURO-AFRICAN INFLUENCE • HIGH ACCESSIBILITY • PLANTATION ECONOMY

  15. MAINLAND – RIMLAND DISTINCTION

  16. MAINLAND vs RIMLAND MAINLAND RIMLAND Location greater isolation greater accessibility Climate altitudinal tropical zonation Physiographymountains islands Culture Euro/Indian African-European RaceMestizoMulatto Landholding Patterns haciendas plantation

  17. HACIENDA vs PLANTATION • HACIENDA • SPANISH INSTITUTION • NOT EFFICIENT BUT SOCIAL PRESTIGE • WORKERS LIVED ON THE LAND • PLANTATION • NORTHERN EUROPEAN ORIGINS • EXPORT ORIENTED MONOCROPS • IMPORTED CAPITAL AND SKILLS • SEASONAL LABOR • EFFICIENCY IS KEY

  18. AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTIONS Plantation • Production for export • Single cash crop • Seasonal Employment • Profit motive $$$ • Market Vulnerability

  19. AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTIONS Plantation Hacienda • Production for export • Single cash crop • Seasonal Employment • Profit motive $$$ • Market Vulnerability • Domestic market • Diversified Crops • Year round jobs • Small plot of land • Self-sufficient

  20. AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTIONS Plantation Hacienda • Production for export • Single cash crop • Seasonal Employment • Profit motive $$$ • Market Vulnerability • Domestic market • Diversified Crops • Year round jobs • Small plot of land • Self-sufficient Ejido • Small surpluses • Land “ownership” • Communal village • Collective

  21. MIDDLE AMERICA I(chapter 4: 197-216)

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