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Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders. Sexual dysfunctions: Problems of inhibited sexual desire, arousal, and responseGender-identity disorders: Incongruity or conflict between one's anatomical sex and one's psychological feeling of being male or femaleParaphilias: Sexual urges and fantasies about
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1. Essentials of Understanding Abnormal BehaviorChapter Nine Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders
2. Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders Sexual dysfunctions: Problems of inhibited sexual desire, arousal, and response
Gender-identity disorders: Incongruity or conflict between one’s anatomical sex and one’s psychological feeling of being male or female
Paraphilias: Sexual urges and fantasies about situations, objects, or people not part of the usual arousal pattern leading to reciprocal and affectional sexual activity
3. What Is “Normal” Sexual Behavior? Shifting perspectives make the line between normal and abnormal difficult to define
Definitions depend on such factors as culture and time period
Legal decisions reflect past moods and morals, questionable and idiosyncratic views
4. What Is “Normal” Sexual Behavior? (cont’d) Merck Manual’s process for judging if a behavior constitutes a sexual problem:
Persistence/recurrence over long period of time
Personal distress
Negative effect on relationship with one’s sexual partner
5. The Study of Human Sexuality Freud made the discussion of sexual topics more acceptable by incorporating sex (libido) as an important part of his theory
Contemporary understanding of human sexual physiology, practices, and customs:
Is based on research of Alfred Kinsey, William Masters and Virginia Johnson, and The Janus Report
While controversial, these studies dispelled myths and provided clear evidence about human sexuality.
6. Homosexuality Attitudes concerning homosexuality:
American Psychiatric Association and American Psychological Association: Homosexuality is not a mental disorder
Negative attitudes are held by many political figures and religious leaders
Homophobia: Irrational fear of homosexuality
7. Homosexuality: Research Findings No physiological differences in sexual arousal and response for homosexuals/heterosexuals
No significant differences on measures of psychological disturbance
Gender conflicts due to societal intolerance, not gender identity confusion
Sexual concerns differ because of societal context
A naturally occurring phenomenon, not a lifestyle choice
8. Frequency of Symptoms in 55 Boys with Cross-Gender Preferences