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Abnormal Behavior

Abnormal Behavior. AP Psych Unit 12. DO NOW. Pick up white handout from front desk. 1 per group Choose a partner and find a pen or pencil Wait for directions . Case study walkabout. WITH YOUR PARTNER, YOU WILL WALK ABOUT AND READ THE CASE STUDIES THROUGOHUT THE CLASSROOM.

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Abnormal Behavior

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  1. Abnormal Behavior AP Psych Unit 12

  2. DO NOW • Pick up white handout from front desk. 1 per group • Choose a partner and find a pen or pencil • Wait for directions 

  3. Case study walkabout • WITH YOUR PARTNER, YOU WILL WALK ABOUT AND READ THE CASE STUDIES THROUGOHUT THE CLASSROOM. • Note the case study # and write info on that row of your orange handout • You do not have to go in any particular order…just go to any available case study and read it • USING YOUR PRIOR KNOWLEDGE, YOU WILL NOTE SYMPTOMS. • READ EACH CASE STUDY ALOUD, DISCUSS SYMPTOMS AND MAKE AN EDCUATED GUESS AS TO WHAT EACH DISORDER MAY BE. • YOU HAVE 30 MINUTES TO COMPLETE AS MANY AS POSSIBLE* • Note: do not have to finish all, just be thorough.

  4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WcSUs9iZv-g&app=desktop https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8pK5FuptsSQ

  5. To study the abnormal is the best way of understanding the normal. -William James There are 450 million people suffering from psychological disorders (WHO **World health organization, 2004). Or 1 in 4 people. Depression and schizophrenia exist in all cultures of the world.

  6. People are fascinated by the exceptional, the unusual, the abnormal. This fascination can be due to two reasons: During various moments we feel, think and act like an abnormal individual. Psychological disorders may bring unexplained physical symptoms, irrational fears, and suicidal thoughts to light and help make sense of them.

  7. Mental health workers view psychological disordersas persistently harmful thoughts, feelings and action. When behavior is deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional (and dangerous) psychiatrists and psychologists label it as disordered (Comer, 2004).

  8. Deviant -- goes against the norm of behavior (may be abnormal in one culture, but normal in another) • Distressful – cause the person (or others) distress…it disturbs them • Dysfunctional – must cause dysfunction in the person’s life (alter daily life) • Dangerous– cause harm to self or others Carol Beckwith In Wodaabe tribe men wear costumes to attract women. In Western society this would be considered abnormal. 5. Unjustifiable–not reasonable

  9. (Mis)Understanding Disorders Trephination • Exorcism • Imprisoned/Caged • Beaten • Burned • Castrated/Mutilated • Sterilized HITSORICAL PERSPECTIVES: Demonology Hippocrates

  10. Understanding Disorders – Which School? • Psychoanalytic • Product of unconscious conflicts among id, ego, & superego • Humanistic • Person’s feelings, self-esteem & self-concept • Cognitive • Faulty, illogical & negative ways of thinking • Behavioral • Learned • Biological • Caused by hormonal or chemical imbalances, structural differences, or inherited predispositions.

  11. Assumes that biological, socio-cultural, and psychological factors combine and interact to produce psychological disorders.

  12. When physicians discovered that syphilis led to mental disorders, the medical model started looking at physical causes of these disorders. Etiology: Causation and development of the disorder. Diagnosis: Identifying (symptoms) and distinguishing one disease from another. Treatment: Treating a disorder in a psychiatric hospital. Prognosis: Forecast about the disorder.

  13. DSM categories of disorders • Anxiety Disorders • Somatoform Disorders • Dissociative Disorders • Mood or Affective Disorders • Schizophrenic Disorders • Personality Disorders • Substance abuse disorders • Disorders usually diagnosed in childhood

  14. Axes of the dsm • Axes of the DSM 1. primary problem (e.g. bipolar disorder) 2. related personality characteristics (e.g. pessimism) 3. medical conditions (e.g. cancer) 4. social/environmental factors (e.g. divorce) 5. global assessment of functioning

  15. Major Categories of “primary problems” in DSM • disorders usually diagnosed in infancy • delirium, dementia, and other cognitive disorders • substance-related disorders • schizophrenia • mood disorders • anxiety disorders • eating disorders • somatoform disorders • dissociative disorders • sexual/gender identity disorders • impulse control disorders • personality disorders

  16. Classifying Disorders DSM 5 (2013) Outlines symptoms & conditions by which mental illness is diagnosed Axis system discontinued Replaced with 0-4 severity ratings Renamed, re-organized, new disorders Video – What DSM 5 Means

  17. Describe (400) disorders. Indicate how prevalent the disorder is. Disorders outlined by DSM-IV-TR are reliable thus diagnosis by different professional are similar…keeps all psychologists on the same page. Others criticize DSM-IV-TR for “putting any kind of behavior within the compass of psychiatry.”

  18. Problems with the DSM • over diagnosis, confusion with non-disordered behaviors (e.g. controversy over ADHD) o there are standards and criteria behaviors must meet in order to be included in the DSM, operational definitions for disorders are included, and the document is periodically reviewed • negative effects of labeling (see the Rosenhan study, 1973) o the psychological community tries to educate people to reduce the stigma associated with labels • “illusion” of subjectivity (Thomas Szasz’s objections) o reliability studies indicate that the DSM increases the reliability of diagnoses. Culture-bound disorders are included in the latest DSM.

  19. Materials for unit 8 • Overview, schedule and vocab. Note VOCAB QUIZ DATES! • Psych disorders review—use daily w/reading guide and/or with class activities. • Sign ups for AP Exam

  20. Classifications & Labels • Labels stigmatize individuals • RosenhanStudy • Labels used incorrectly • Helpful for healthcare professionals • Issues in criminal system • No “willful intent”

  21. Warm Up • What is the value and what are the dangers of labeling individuals with disorders?

  22. DSM 5 Categories • Neurodevelopmental • Schizophrenia Spectrum & Other Psychotic • Bipolar & Related • Depressive • Anxiety • Obsessive-Compulsive & Related • Trauma & Stressor-Related • Dissociative • Somatic Symptom • Feeding & Eating • Elimination • Sleep-Wake • Sexual Dysfunctions • Paraphilic Disorders • Disruptive, Impulse Control & Conduct • Substance Use & Addictive • Neurocognitive • Personality • Gender Dysphoria • Other Disorders

  23. Anxiety Disorders Characteristics Subtypes Generalized Anxiety Panic Disorder Phobias Feelings of excessive apprehension & anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety. • Social Anxiety • Agoraphobia • Separation Anxiety • Selective Mutism

  24. FORMER Anxiety Disorders • PTSD - Haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, anxiety, numbness, insomnia following traumatic experience. OCD & Related Obsession – thought Compulsion - behavior Acute Stress Disorder Adjustment Disorder Reactive Attachment Trauma & Stress-Related • Body Dysmorphic • Trichotillomania & Excoriation • Hoarding Disorder

  25. Explaining Anxiety Disorders • Natural Selection • Genes • The Brain • Anterior Cingulate Cortex • Adrenaline (too much) • GABA (too little • Fear Conditioning • Observational Learning • Cognition LEARNING ) BIOLOGICAL

  26. Depressive Disorders • Serious, persistent disturbances in person’s emotions. Characterized by emotional extremes • Major Depressive • Seasonal Affective • Premenstrual Dysphoric • Disruptive Mood Dysregulation • “Bereavement Exclusion”

  27. Bipolar Disorders • Mood disorder with alterations between the hopelessness and lethargy or depression & the overexcited state of mania • Bipolar I • Bipolar II • Cyclothymia

  28. Explaining Mood Disorders BIOLOGICAL Genetic Influences Depressed Brain Serotonin (too little) (Nor &)Epinephrine (too little) Dopamine (too little) Acetylcholine (too much) Self-defeating beliefs Negative “explanatory styles” Stable, global, internal = depression vs… Temporary, specific, external = coping SOCIAL-COGNITIVE

  29. Schizophrenia • Disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions & behaviors • Psychosis – loss of contact w/reality “split mind” • Positive/Negative Symptoms • Delusions – false beliefs • Persecution • Grandeur • Hallucinations – false sensory experiences • Fragmented thought • Inappropriate emotions • Disorganized speech (word salad) • Catatonia – purposeless mvmt, parroting, mutism

  30. Explaining Schizophrenia • Brain Abnormalities • Dopamine Over activity • Abnormal Activity • Abnormal Structure • Maternal Virus (Flu) 2nd Trimester • Genetic Factors • Psychological & Environmental Factors • Diathesis-stress model: Genetic predisposition increases risk – stressful life experience triggers episode

  31. Dissociative Disorder • Conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings. • Dissociative Amnesia • Fugue State • Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) • Multiple Personality

  32. Somatic Disorders • Physical complaints or conditions caused by psychological factors. Functional Neurological Symptom (Conversion) • Illness Anxiety (Hypochondriasis)

  33. Personality Disorders • Inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning. • Antisocial PD • Borderline PD • Obsessive-Compulsive PD • Avoidant PD • Schizoid PD • Narcissistic PD • Histrionic PD

  34. Neurodevelopmental Disorders • Conditions with onset in childhood & adolescence due to abnormal neural circuit development • Dysfunctions in cognition, learning, communication, and behavior • Intellectual Disability • Autism Spectrum • AD/HD • Communication Disorders • Motor/Tic Disorders • Specific Learning

  35. http://holinergroup.com/news/mental-illness-infographic/

  36. http://ig.bestmastersinpsychology.com/mental-illness.jpg

  37. Closure RISK FACTORS PROTECTIVE FACTORS

  38. For Next Time HOMEWORK Vocab Cards PREPWORK

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