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THE IMPACT OF CULTURE on management and leading styles, working and thinking styles, learning and teaching styles

THE IMPACT OF CULTURE on management and leading styles, working and thinking styles, learning and teaching styles. Seminar: The training of cross-cultural competence and skills Lecturer: Prof. Dr. Beneke Students: Anke Boettcher, Kathrin Pinker. Introduction Attitudes towards culture

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THE IMPACT OF CULTURE on management and leading styles, working and thinking styles, learning and teaching styles

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  1. THE IMPACT OF CULTURE on management and leading styles,working and thinking styles,learning and teaching styles Seminar: The training of cross-cultural competence and skills Lecturer: Prof. Dr. Beneke Students: Anke Boettcher, Kathrin Pinker

  2. Introduction • Attitudes towards culture • National culture • Corporate culture • Different business areas • Conclusion The impact of culture 11/20/01

  3. technologyleadership negotiationcreativity feedback time rewards labels science machines hierarchies The impact of culture 11/20/01

  4. Attitudes towards culture • Parochialism –“our way is the only way” • Cultural Blindness - People do not recognize cultural differences in order to be just and to treat everybody equally. • Ethocentrism – “our way is the best way” • Synergy – Cultural diversity is recognized and can lead to both advantages and disadvantages. The impact of culture 11/20/01

  5. Synergy • Cultural diversity  key ressource • Managing the impact of diversity rather than ignoring the diversity • Result is more than the sum of the single contributions • Advantages: more flexible, creative and open to new ideas The impact of culture 11/20/01

  6. Synergy Culturally synergistic Problem Solving • Recognition of the problem • Analysis from different perspectives • Solution appropriate for all cultures The impact of culture 11/20/01

  7. Introduction • Attitudes towards culture • National culture • Corporate culture • Different business areas • Conclusion The impact of culture 11/20/01

  8. First example:Management by objectives(employer and employee decide together on an objective, which the employee has to achieve within a certain time. After that period of time the result is evaluated.) Crucial dimensions are: • Power distance • Individualism • Relation to nature The impact of culture 11/20/01

  9. Second example: Feedback Crucial dimensions: • Individualism (losing face) • Relation to nature • Communication style The impact of culture 11/20/01

  10. Introduction • Attitudes towards culture • National culture • Corporate culture • Family culture • Eiffel Tower culture • Guided Missile culture • Incubator culture • Different business areas • Conclusion The impact of culture 11/20/01

  11. The Family Culture • Person-oriented • Hierarchical: father-children relationship • Ascribed status • Culture clusters: Greece, Italy, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, other nations which industrialized late and smaller companies The impact of culture 11/20/01

  12. The Eiffel Tower Culture • Hierarchies • Ascribed status to a role and not to a person • Task-oriented • Personal relationships are not desired • Culture clusters: Austria and Germany The impact of culture 11/20/01

  13. The Guided Missile Culture • Egalitarian • Task-oriented • Status is achieved • Individualistic • Culture clusters: USA, Norway, Ireland The impact of culture 11/20/01

  14. The Incubator Culture • Person-oriented • Egalitarian • Minimal hierarchies and structure • Creative and spontaneous • Leadership is achieved • Culture Clusters: Sweden,USA (Silicon Valley), UK (Silicon Glen) and smaller companies The impact of culture 11/20/01

  15. Introduction • Attitudes towards culture • National culture • Corporate culture • Different business areas • Leadership • Motivation • Decision making • Example Japan • Conclusion The impact of culture 11/20/01

  16. Leadership McGregor (1957) • Theory X • people are basically lazy, dislike work • tight control system • Theory Y • people are trustworthy, enjoy work • are given autonomy and responsibility The impact of culture 11/20/01

  17. Leadership William Ouchi (1982) • Theory Z • based on Japanese management • lifetime employment, concern for the total person • close and trusting relationships to improve productivity The impact of culture 11/20/01

  18. Motivation Abraham Maslow (1954) – Hierarchy of needs • Physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization needs The impact of culture 11/20/01

  19. Motivation David McClelland (1961) – Achievement Theory • Achievement, power and affiliation Victor Vroom (1964) – Expectancy Theory • People estimate their ability to perform a task and the probable type of reward The impact of culture 11/20/01

  20. Motivation Theories • Abraham Maslow (1954) – Hierarchy of needs • Physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization needs • David McClelland (1961) – Achievement Theory • Achievement, power and affiliation • Victor Vroom (1964) – Expectancy Theory • People estimate their ability to perform a task and the probable type of reward The impact of culture 11/20/01

  21. Decision making • Problem recognition • Information research • Construction of alternatives • Choice • Implementation The impact of culture 11/20/01

  22. Product-design for Japan • Prefer quality and are willing to pay premium prices • Different taste: less sugar and salt • Smaller servings • Different body shape The impact of culture 11/20/01

  23. Japanese television advertising • Length: 15 seconds or less • Mood advertising - non-verbally or with few words - emotion, humour, shock - good first impression The impact of culture 11/20/01

  24. Conclusions • Culture has a very important impact onbusiness, but not everything can be explained by it • Other influences: individual character, situation, legal system etc. The impact of culture 11/20/01

  25. Literature • Adler, Nancy (1991), International Dimensions of Organizational Behaviour, 2nd ed., Belmont: Wadsworth • Henderson, George/Spigner-Littles, Dorscine (1996), A practitioner‘s guide to understanding indigenous and foreign cultures, 2nd ed., Springfield: Thomas Books • Trompenaars, Fons (1998), Riding the ways of cultures, 2nd ed., New York et al: McGraw-Hill • March, Robert (1990), Honoring the customer. Marketing and selling to the Japanese, New York et al: Wiley and Sons • Beneke, Jürgen (2000),Orientation Matrix, University of Hildesheim The impact of culture 11/20/01

  26. Literature • Hofstede, Geert (1997), Cultures and Organizations, New York et al.: McGraw-Hill • Knapp, Karlfried et al. (eds.)(1999), Meeting the Intercultural Challenge, Sternenfels: Verlag Wissenschaft und Praxis The impact of culture 11/20/01

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