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False Horizons

False Horizons. Nicholas Soto. Overview. What is a False Horizon? Conditions Hazards to Aviation Types of False Horizons City Lights Road Lights Cloud Layers Obscured Horizons Overcome a False Horizon Proper Instrument Scan Flight Planning NTSB Report. What is a False Horizon?.

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False Horizons

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  1. False Horizons Nicholas Soto

  2. Overview • What is a False Horizon? • Conditions • Hazards to Aviation • Types of False Horizons • City Lights • Road Lights • Cloud Layers • Obscured Horizons • Overcome a False Horizon • Proper Instrument Scan • Flight Planning • NTSB Report

  3. What is a False Horizon? • A False Horizon is when the natural horizon is obscured or not readily apparent • Is not created due to an eye limitation! • Created from terrain features • Rising terrain • Lights from a busy road • Calm water and clear skies • Sloping cloud layer • Low visibility or haze • Day or night • Completely obscured horizon is also a false horizon

  4. Hazards to aviation • Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT) • An airworthy a/c under pilot control is flow into the ground • Fixation • Not using CRM • Pilot levels a/c with false horizon • False horizon can cause a hazardous attitude • Nose high attitude • Cause a/c to stall • Break altitude restrictions • Nose low attitude • Impact ground or obstacles • Break VNE • Break altitude restrictions • Spatial Disorientation

  5. City Lights with rising terrain

  6. Calm water and clear skies

  7. Low visibility

  8. ???

  9. Cloud layer

  10. Overcome a False Horizon Illusion • Flight Planning • Known false horizon illusions • Proper Instrument Scan • Relay what you see outside with a/c instruments • Trust your Instruments • Spatial disorientation can occur • Attitude Indicator, Turn Coordinator, Altimeter, Airspeed Indicator, Vertical Speed Indicator

  11. NTSB report • NTSB Identification: NYC99MA178 • Friday, July 16, 1999 in VINEYARD HAVEN, MA • Aircraft: Piper PA-32R-301, registration: N9253N • 3 Fatal • Non instrument-rated pilot • Conditions: 4-10 miles vis due to haze, night flying • Flew over 30 mile stretch of water at 5,500 • 7 miles from approaching shore began right turn descent to 2,200 • Climbed back to 2,600 and entered a left turn with a 900 FPM descent • Then entered a right turn with a descent of 4,700 FPM impacting the water • Other pilots reported obscured or no visual horizon • The pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane during a descent over water at night, which was a result of spatial disorientation. Factors in the accident were haze, and the dark night.

  12. References • National Transportation Safety Board. Report No. NYC99MA178, Published 07/16/1999, http://www.ntsb.gov/aviationquery/index.aspx • Jeppesen. Rotorcraft Flying Handbook, City: Englewood, CO, Published 2007 • Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association, “Spatial Disorientation Confusion that Kills” http://www.aopa.org/asf/publications/sa17.pdf • Jeppesen. Guided Flight Discovery Private Pilot, City: Englewood, CO, Published 2007

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