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Title : “Why, what and how Spatial Planning in the Coastal Zone -

Title : “Why, what and how Spatial Planning in the Coastal Zone - Some experiences in Holland” by Robbert Misdorp Advisor to Neth. Min. V&W, Advisor to the Romanian PlanCoast & Neth. Gov. Peer Reviewer for UN-IPCC. EU-PlanCoast Conference Constanta, May/June 2007.

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Title : “Why, what and how Spatial Planning in the Coastal Zone -

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  1. Title : “Why, what and how Spatial Planning in the Coastal Zone - Some experiences in Holland” by Robbert Misdorp Advisor to Neth. Min. V&W, Advisor to the Romanian PlanCoast & Neth. Gov. Peer Reviewer for UN-IPCC. EU-PlanCoast Conference Constanta, May/June 2007

  2. Contents: • Why & What Spatial Planning : Globally and in Holland • Coastal urbanisation in Holland and Belgium: a world of difference • Rotterdam Harbour and sustainable development: 1993 – 2010 • Netherlands North Sea Integrated Spatial Planning and Implementation – 2015 • European coastal sustainability indicators applied in The Netherlands, 2006 • Netherlands Progress Report on ICZM Implementation for the • EU, 2005 • 7. General Conclusions

  3. What & Why Spatial Planning • Coastal Zone: Many definitions – common elements: • Coastal zone is a broad, wide area with a marine and terrestrial part, • The terrestrial part of the coastal zone: • the natural and • socio-economic processes of • sea and land meet.

  4. Why Spatial Planning in the Coastal Zone: • The World Coastal Zone - CZ – • so rich in natural resources but so heavily pressured: • The CZ: more than 50 % of world population is living, working, recreating in the CZ; • The population in the CZ is growing faster: 2.2% versus 1.8% global growth; • The economic pressure in the CZ is even more strongly increasing ; • Many different functional uses: nature, safety against flooding, transport, navigation, • harbour, airport, urban settlements, agri-& horticulture, tourism, • recreation, oil/gas exploration/exploitation, freshwater purification; • From the sea side: anticipated impacts of human induced Climate Change being • ASLR, storminess, salt water intrusion in coastal aquifers, • will further exacerbates the pressure.

  5. Why Spatial Planning in The Netherlands’ Coastal Zone

  6. Spatial Planning in the Netherlands’ Coastal Zone: • Drivers : • The CZ of Holland: half of the national territory & low lying & productive: • 60% of population, • High pop. density > 500 inh/km2, • 65% of the National GNI is earned • Capital Investment : 5000 Billion Euro, • Agri- & Horticulture: Holland the third largest world exporting country, • The harbour of Rotterdam (largest of Europe) and the national airport Schiphol (third largest of Europe, at 4.5 m below MSL) together about 20% of the GNI. • Pressures: • Growing economic pressure results in conflicts of the different uses and cry for space: • Increasing coastal urbanisation; • Vulnerable to flooding by the sea and rivers, coastal erosion, salt water intrusion in fresh water aquifers, downstream pollution; • Impacts of Climate Change: anticipated Accelerated Sea Level Rise, increase of storminess, changes in river discharges: in summer less, in winter more flow, effecting safety, water quality, river transport. • Integrated Coastal Management and Spatial Planning are being applied.

  7. Why Spatial Planning in the Coastal Zone • The Coastal Zone is increasingly squeezed • between terrestrial and marine high dynamic forces: • An integrated spatial planning & implementation: • helps to adapt to global changes and • decreases coastal vulnerabilities, and • increases the sustainable development processes.

  8. 3. Greater Rotterdam Harbor Area – basic figures: Area: 10 x 40 km2 < 1% of National Territory Pop.: 1,2 million, Pop.Dens.:3000/ km2 > 7 * Nat.Pop.Density Direct employment: 60,000; Indirect employment: 300,000 2006 -Transshipment Load: 370 million ton Contribution to GNI: 6,5 % Largest Harbor of Europe Many threats and challenges ahead in: Aiming at sustainable development of this complex area

  9. GreaterRotterdam Harbor Area • Greater Rotterdam Harbor Area is • a complex area both in • Socio-economic sense, as well as in • Natural coastal processes’ sense . • To make such a complex area sustainable productive: that is a real challenge for Integrated Management & Development Measures

  10. ROM-Rijnmond Program, 1993 – 2010 = ‘The integrated spatial planning and implementation program for sustainable development of the Rotterdam Harbor Area, 1993-2010’ • Institutional setting: • Initial Leader : Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and Environment • Board of Directors - High Level Representatives of : 2 Ministries, 1 Province, • 16 Towns, Rotterdam Harbor Authority, 600 Harbor Companies • and NGO’s, • Executive , Daily Council : 10 Persons • Covenant of Cooperation signed in 1993 lasting to 2010 • Strong vertical and horizontal cooperation & integration, • High level of dissemination and transparency, • Website:www.rom-rijnmond.nl

  11. ROM-Rijnmond Program 1993 – 2010 = Integrated Spatial Planning & Development Program • Socio-economic issues: • Long –term program : 1993 - 2010 • Common Investment by all partners: • 7.5 Billion Euro • Harbor related Employment: 90,000 • Environmental issues: • Nature conservation/increase • Habitat restoration • Pollution reduction • Green-Recreation area increase

  12. ROM-Rijnmond Program 1993 – 2010: Some Results: Using Residual Industrial Heat Establishing a tropical Shrimp Farm:Using residual heatfrom the cooling water - Harbour ElectricPower Station Residual industrial heat for 50,000 house holds (2006) -> 500,000 (2015) Strengthening: Coastal Nature Function + Recreation + Research Planning and Creating new space: Returningof a Grey Seal Community: man- induced habitat & improved water quality Creating: 1000 ha New Harbor Area Co-creating: 750 ha Nature + Recreation Compensating: 20,000 haMarine Reserve

  13. ROM-Rijnmond Program 1993 - 2010 Some Results: Strong decreaseof: 1.Air pollution reaching EU standards for S and fine dust, and 2.Micro-contamimants in river and coastal waters, sediments and organisms: through institutionalised, coordinated, consistent, long term purification actions at local, national and at international level with input of NGO’s.

  14. ROM-Rijnmond Program 1993 - 2010 • Some Economic results: • Increasing Added Value • Contribution to GNI: 6.5 % • Harbor related Employment : 90,000 • through coordination, innovation and • creating win-win situations : • more efficient use of raw material/resources, • less waste, less pollution.

  15. Economic results: Start of Integrated Program 1993- 2010 y=6.8x+286 250 y=1.3x+258 The EXTRA accumulative Transshipment Loads during 1996-2005 = 250million tons goods representing 6.5 Billion Euro in 10 years= good return of the investment of 7 billion Euro!

  16. Conclusions Rotterdam Harbor - Integrated Spatial Planning & Implementation: • Initial National Leader: Ministry of Env.&Spatial Planning • Clear goal: Sustainable Development of the resources, • Long term coordination; follow-up program: 2010 - 2020, • Creating innovative win-win solutions and more space, • Cooperation between stakeholders & NGO’s is profitable, • EU acknowledgement: Rotterdam leader of the EU - PEGASUS (Planning, Environment, Governance & Sustainability) project for sustainable EU Harbours.

  17. Overall conclusion: on the performance of the Greater Rotterdam Harbor, ROM-Rijnmond program 1993- 2010: Integrated Spatial Planning & Implementation is Economical and Ecological very much rewarded!

  18. 4. The Integrated • Management Plan for • the Neth. North Sea 2015 • Status: • Governmental Document 2005, • Adopted by entire Cabinet in 2006, • Approved by Parliament in 2006, • Being implemented & enforced.

  19. Integrated Management Plan – Neth. North Sea – (IMPN) - 2015: • Main Objective: • To enhance econ. importance of the North Sea, • maintain & develop internat. ecological features • by harmonising sustainable economic activities… • Implementation: some examples • ‘Opportunity maps’ for eg wind farms, mineral • extraction, military restrictions, conservation, • navigation, identifies future areas of conflict; • Pilot Wind farm in operation 2007: 120 MW, next phase: 360 MW, • desired output of wind-energy 2020: 6000 MW; • Creating win-win opportunities: aquaculture/artificial reefs • near wind farms; • Enforcement in action: the sea-going inspection fleets and aerial survey • of the different Ministries under one single command: CoastGuard.

  20. Creating Opportunity maps: Windfarm parks & Shipping followed by implementation: Creating windfarms • 30 Wind mills, 120 MW installed in 2006; • 60 Wind mills, 240 MW being installed ; • 1500 MW in 2010; • 6000 MW in 2020.

  21. More information: Website link: www.noordzeeloket.nl/overig/ bibliotheek.asp – publicaties - IBN 2015 (Engels) Contact: Mr. Leo de Vrees, Water Manager North Sea, Ministry of Water (V&W), 00-31-70-3366609/00 leo.de.vrees@rws.nl

  22. Example of land use, spatial Planning in Holland Four spatial scenarios based on: different outcomes of competing demands for space and resource utilisation Holland in 2030 (Neth. Ministry of Spatial Planning)

  23. General Conclusions • Integrated Spatial Planning & Implementation • Some experiences in Holland: • Integrated Spatial Planning : an Effective tool • to reduce vulnerability - flooding and environment quality, • to increase resilience and sust. development; • Planning is the first step: • initial leader with vision, increased cooperation is highly profitable, • communication with all stakeholders + NGO’s; • Implementation is the next step: • creating win-win solutions, zoning, monitoring, legislation, enforcement, evaluation.

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