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Chapter 18: Protists

Chapter 18: Protists. Virus Monera Protista. Taxonomic thinking. Animals. Plants. Fungi. Protists. Monera. Phylogenetic Thinking. EUKARYA. ARCHAEA. BACTERIA. Animals. Plants. Protists. Fungi. Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes. Prokaryotes. Kingdoms: Monera (bacteria)

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Chapter 18: Protists

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  1. Chapter 18: Protists Virus Monera Protista

  2. Taxonomic thinking Animals Plants Fungi Protists Monera

  3. Phylogenetic Thinking EUKARYA ARCHAEA BACTERIA Animals Plants Protists Fungi

  4. Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

  5. Prokaryotes • Kingdoms: Monera (bacteria) • cell membrane and cell wall. • Prokaryotic cells lack nucleus and membrane bound "organelles,“ • Some have flagella for locomotion or hair like pili for adhesion. • Cells: multiple shapes: cocci (round), baccilli (rods), and spirilla (helical cells). Note: prokaryotes will not have microtubules in flagella BACK

  6. Eukaryotes • Cells have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles

  7. What are Protists?

  8. What are Protists? • Greek word meaning “first” • First kingdom of eukaryotes • Unicellular • Nuclei • Organelles • Reproduce by mitosis • Multiple chromosomes • Protists often have a very complicated internal structure: a single cell must do all the functions that we have many different cell types to do. Increasing in diversity

  9. All protists live in water, or moist soil, or moist interiors of other organisms Surface watersteem with microscopic protists In some near-shore areas, gigantic protists form underwater forests Protists areparticularlyabundant intidal habitats

  10. Classification • 115,000 species • Major debate regarding how they should be classified • “animal-like” = zooplankton or protozoans • “plant-like” = phytoplankton 

  11. Increasing diversity • Protists share characteristics with more then one multicellular kingdom - plant-like -fungus-like -animal-like forms

  12. Animal-like Protists

  13. Plants-like Protists

  14. Fungus-like Protists (slime molds)

  15. Protists exhibit wide variation in morphology, size, and nutritional strategies

  16. Protists are divided into groups largely based on locomotion • 1) Sarcodines • Blob-like asymmetrical • Assume infinite variety of shapes • Ex. Amoebae • 2) Flagellates • Ex. Euglena • 3) Ciliates • Ex. Paramecium • 4) Sporozoans • Have no organs for locomotion in adult form • Many are parasitic

  17. Figure 27.1 PROTISTS Kinetoplastids Diplomonads Slime molds Brown algae Parabasalids Fungi Amoebae Dinoflagellates Red algae BACTERIA Animals Ciliates Oomycetes Green algae ARCHAEA Euglenids Diatoms Land plants Apicomplexa

  18. We will observe the following four: • Ciliates • 1) Paramecium caudatum • 2) Stentor coeruleus • Sarcodines • 3) Amoeba proteus • Flagellates • 4) Euglena gracili

  19. Paramecium • Live in FRESH water • Osmosis causes water to move into the paramecium • Contractile vacuole collects the extra water so that the paramecium doesn’t lyse • Covered in cilia used for locomotion and for directing food into the oral cavity • Most are free-living (not parasites)

  20. Amoeba • Sizeable amount of cytoplasm • Cytoplasmic streaming pushes on the cell membrane resembling arms • A clear nucleus • False foot: pseudopods to move and capture prey • Feeding: endocytosis: surround food; creates a food vacuole. • Ameoba reproduce by binary fission

  21. Euglena • Plant-like • Long flagellum excellent swimmers • A red-spot (photoreceptor) helps euglena detect sunlight so it’s chloroplasts can make glucose using photosynthesis

  22. Stentor coeruleus (S.coeruleus) • trumpet-shaped or cylindrical; highly contractile • contractile vacuole anterior-left; fresh water

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