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Day 2

Day 2. Diagnostic Tests. Computer Tomography Scan - CT. Description X-rays  computer generated 3-D picture Distinguishes tissue density Tumors Machine moves around still patient Non-invasive & painless With or without contrast medium. Computer Tomography Scan - CT.

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Day 2

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  1. Day 2 Diagnostic Tests

  2. Computer Tomography Scan - CT • Description • X-rays  computer generated 3-D picture • Distinguishes tissue density • Tumors • Machine moves around still patient • Non-invasive & painless • With or without contrast medium

  3. Computer Tomography Scan - CT • Nursing Considerations • Explain procedure • 30-60 minutes • Lying still • If contrast medium is used • P for iodine & shellfish allergies • NPO (4 hrs) • Push fluids after procedure • watch for S&S of hICP

  4. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Description • Computerized nuclear imaging  actual organ functioning • Via radioactive substances • Used to ID: • Blood supply • Metabolic activity • glucose

  5. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Nursing Considerations • Teach inhalation technique & warn about unusual sensation that might occur • Dizziness • Lightheadedness • Headaches • Pre-op • No caffeine • No smoke • NPO • Post-op • Push fluids

  6. Magnetic Resonance ImagingMRI Description • Magnetic field + radio waves • Used to ID: • Edema • Hemorrhage • Tumors • Moved into a tube • Claustrophobia • Takes 45-60 min • Lay flat & motionless • Noisy

  7. Magnetic Resonance ImagingMRI Nursing Considerations • Remove all metal • Aneurysm clips • Orthopedic hardware • Pacemakers • Heart valves • Intrauterine devices (IUD’s) • Cochlear implants • Watches, credit cards, metal • Relaxation techniques

  8. Cerebral angiography Description • X-ray of cerebral circulation with contrast agent • Used to ID • Vascular disease • Aneurysms • Tread catheter • Femoral artery  • Aortic arch  • Carotid artery 

  9. Cerebral angiography Nursing Considerations • Pre-op • Well hydrated • Mark peripheral pulses • P for iodine allergies • contrast medium injected  feeling of warmth

  10. Cerebral angiography Nursing Considerations • Post-procedure • Sand bag leg • Bed rest over night • VS and neuro checks • Observe puncture site • P Distal pulses • Bradycardia/hypotension = vagal stim • P for difficulty breathing • h ICP • Monitor LOC

  11. Myelography Description • X-ray of the spinal sub-Arachnoid space • Injection of contrast medium • via lumbar puncture

  12. Myelography Nursing Considerations • Explain • NPO • Post-procedure • Lie HOB h 30 o – 45 o • Bed rest x 3 hrs • h fluids • Bad signs • H/A • h Temp • Stiff neck • Photophobia • Seizures

  13. Electroencephalography (EEG) Description • Measures electrical impulses of the brain • brain waves • Electrodes applied to the scalp • - 16 • Used to diagnosis • Seizures • Coma • Brain death • Obtain an baseline • Quiet & dark • Stimulation • Flashing lights

  14. Electroencephalography (EEG) Nursing Considerations • Duration: 1 hour • h seizures • sleep deprivation • No anti seizure meds, tranquilizers, stimulants, depressants • No caffeine • OK to eat

  15. Electromyography Description • Needle electrodes put into skeletal muscles • Measure changes in electrical potential of the muscle. • Used to diagnose • Neuromuscular disorders

  16. Electromyography Nursing Considerations • Explain • not going to be electrocuted • Needle, like a IM injection • Muscles may ache

  17. Lumbar Puncture Description • Puncture of lumbar Subarachnoid space • @ L 3-4 level • Used to • Extract CSF • Relieve h ICP • Test Spinal fluid pressure • Introduce • antibiotics • radiopaque dyes • anesthesia

  18. Lumbar Puncture Nursing Considerations • Pre-procedure • Side lying with legs pulled close to chin • Do not move • Painful – pressure • Shooting pain down leg • 10 minutes

  19. Lumbar Puncture • Post-procedure • Bed rest • h Fluid (unless…) • Observe for side effects

  20. Lumbar Puncture • Post-puncture headaches • Duration • Hrs to days • Cause • Unknown • Tx. / prevention • Bed rest • Quiet dark room • Analgesics • h fluids

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