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Chapter 2 Bioinorganic Chemistry of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals

Chapter 2 Bioinorganic Chemistry of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals. 2.1 Distribution and Biological Roles 2.2 Trans-membrane Ion Transport Passive and Active Transport （被动和主动运送） Ionophore and Ionic Channel （离子载体和离子通道） 2.3 Active Transport: Na + -K + -ATPase

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Chapter 2 Bioinorganic Chemistry of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals

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  1. Chapter 2 Bioinorganic Chemistry of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals 2.1 Distribution and Biological Roles 2.2 Trans-membrane Ion Transport Passive and Active Transport（被动和主动运送） Ionophore and Ionic Channel（离子载体和离子通道） 2.3 Active Transport: Na+-K+-ATPase 2.4 Calcium as a Secondary Messanger

  2. Biological Roles of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals • Na, K: electric carrier; activator for Na- K-ATPase; osmotic balance • Mg: activator for Na-K-ATPase; kinase; structure role; hydrolase; isomerase • Ca: structure role; trigger for muscle contraction; component fo bones and shells; messenger for hormonal action

  3. Distribution of Intracellular and Extracellular Ions in and out of a Typical Mammalian Cell Ion [Mn+]in(mM) [Mn+]out(mM) Na+ 10 145 K+ 140 5 Mg2+ 30 1 Ca2+ 1 4 H+ 510-4 5  10-4 Cl- 4 110

  4. Ionophores • Marcoterolides 大四内酯 • Desipeptides 缩肽类 • Cyclic Peptides 环肽 • Nigericins 尼日尼亚菌 Ion Channels • Nystatin 制霉菌素 • Amphotericin 两性霉素 • Gramicidin 短杆菌素

  5. Ion Transport across Membrane跨膜的离子运送 Passive Transport 沿着离子的化学势方向进行，即离子顺其浓度梯度从较浓一侧运送到较稀一侧。被动运送又分为简单扩散和促进运送。促进运送需要离子载体和离子通道。 Active Transport 离子逆浓度梯度和点化学梯度通过生物膜的运送。主动运送通常许消耗能量。执行主动运送的机制常被称为离子泵 例：Na+-K+-ATPase

  6. Na+-K+-ATPase Two subunits Mr 250000-500000 Mg 2+ necessary Na+/K+: 10:1-5:1 K+: NH4+, Ti+ Mg2+: Mn2+, Co2+

  7. Bioinorganic Chemistry of Calcium • Role in Muscle Contraction • Effects on Enzymes Enzyme Stabilization Blood Clotting • Calcium-Membrane Interactions Never Impulse Transmission Effects on Membrane Structure and Action Potential Release of Neurotransmitters and Hormones Hormones, Cyclic AMP, Calcium Calcium-Binding Proteins in Never Tissues • Biological Calcification

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