F-14 RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE IN JUVENILE CORRECTIONS Embed d ing Research in a Large Scale Treatment Program

1. F-14 RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE IN JUVENILE CORRECTIONSEmbedding Research in a Large Scale TreatmentProgram Barry Burkhart, Ph.D., ABPP - Auburn UniversityPatrick Cook, M.S. - Auburn UniversityRay Sumrall, Ph.D. - University of Alabama

2. History • 1999 – Alabama State legislature mandated all juvenile sex offenders be treated. • Department of Youth Services (DYS) ill-equipped to respond to mandate. • Consortium between Auburn University Department of Psychology and University of Alabama Department of Social Work responded. Public-Public partnership founded.

3. History, continued • Best Practices Model –Required DYS to strive for excellence –Constant program evaluation and review • Empirical Foundation – Student Assessment (e.g.., pre-treatment, post-treatment) -Program Assessment (e.g., staff interventions, treatment components)

4. State of Alabama - Department of Youth Services Mt. Meigs Correctional Facility

5. Accountability Based Sexual Offender Program (ABSOP) Mt. Meigs Correctional Facility

6. Assessment Fundamentals 3 Fundamental Goals: • Rich and accurate clinical assessment to facilitate and focus treatment services • Serves as the foundation of a sound empirical database from which theoretical and practical assumptions can be measured • Allow for accurate and conceptually articulated assessment of outcomes

7. Comprehensive Assessment Protocol Pre-treatment Assessment Battery -Extensive multi-dimensional Clinical Interview (e.g., adjudicating offense information, history of trauma/abuse/neglect, medical history, family, school/peers) -Intellectual Assessment -Achievement Assessment -Current/Past Psychopathology -Personality Assessment/Psychopathy -Actuarial Risk of Re-offense

8. Comprehensive Assessment Protocol, continued Post-Treatment Assessment Battery -Post Treatment Interview/Oral Examination -Actuarial Risk of Re-offending -Intelligence Assessment -Achievement Assessment -Personality Testing -Psychopathology -Therapist/Case Manager Ratings -Performance in Individual/Group Treatment -Overall Rating of “Success”

9. Offender Demographics • 772 Offenders (586 JSOs, 184 NJSOs) since 2000 • Avg. Age = 16.01 Years (SD = 1.53 Years); Avg. Grade = 8.67 Grade (SD = 1.99 Grade) • Racial composition: Caucasian (50.7%), African American (46.0%), Bi-racial (1.7%), Hispanic (1.0%), and “Other” (0.6%) • Most frequent JSO charges: Sexual Abuse, 1st Degree (30%), Sodomy, 1st Degree (17.6%), Rape, 1st Degree (14%) and Sexual Misconduct (11.3%) • Most frequent NJSO: Theft of Property (18.3%), Burglary (13.9%), and drug offenses (13.8%).

10. Database Data has informed treatment and program decisions • Comparisons JSO vs. NJSO • Offender Types (cluster analysis) • Outcome Measures (Pre-Treatment/Post-treatment)

11. Comparisons JSO vs. NJSO • Are Juvenile sex offenders “different” compared to delinquent, non-sex offending peers? • Treatment/Program implications • Examined 716 offenders (N=554 JSOs, 162 NJSOs) • Personality, IQ, Achievement, psychopathy , psychopathology

12. JSO vs. NJSO Comparisons • The Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI) Self-report inventory specifically designed to measure unique psychosocial concerns, personality styles, and clinical symptoms via a true-false format. • The Kiddie-Sads-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) A semi-structured interview protocol is designed to assess 82 current and past symptoms related to 20 different diagnostic areas found within the DSM-IV. • Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV) Consists of a semi-structured interview and review of collateral information to measure interpersonal, affective, and behavioral features of psychopathy. • The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WASI) Uses the vocabulary, similarities, block design and matrix reasoning subtests similar to those of the WAIS to provide an estimate of full scale IQ. • The Wide Range Achievement Test-3rd edition (WRAT-3) A brief achievement test measuring reading recognition, spelling, and arithmetic computation

19. Juvenile Sex Offender Clusters • Juvenile sexual offenders – heterogeneous • Victim selection (e.g., peer-age, child- molester, mixed pattern) incomplete in providing useful treatment information • Empirically derived heterogeneous groups formed based on personality traits • Treatment/program implications

20. Clusters, contd. 440 Juvenile Sexual Offenders Five cluster solution based on MACI scores • Broadly Disturbed(N=42; 9.5%) • Anxious/Submissive/Passive (N=171; 38.9%) • Dysthymic/Shame/Negative Self-Image (N=94; 21.4%) • Narcissistic Delinquent (N=83; 18.8%) • Distressed Delinquent (N=50; 11.4%)

22. Outcome Measures • Is treatment effective? • Comparison of Pre-treatment and Post-treatment measures • Personality Functioning • Actuarial Measure of Re-offending • Psychopathology

26. Iatrogenic Effects

29. Conclusion • Base line data critical/essential • Empirical evaluation of effectiveness • Need to be able/open to make changes informed, in part, by data.