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Childhood Obesity: Health Complications and Long-Term Impact

Explore the physical and psychological complications of childhood obesity, its implications for adulthood, and factors contributing to this growing health concern. Learn about the prevalence rates, genetic factors, lifestyle behaviors, environmental influences, and strategies for prevention in schools.

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Childhood Obesity: Health Complications and Long-Term Impact

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  1. Childhood Obesity: Complications and Implications Amanda Mendez, RN, MSN, FNP-C Daurice Ring, RN, MSN, CNP

  2. Introduction to Obesity • Obesity as defined by the CDC • Today we will discuss complications of childhood obesity and implications for adulthood. • We as school based health advocates have the obligation to be aware of these complications.

  3. Obesity • Complications • Physical • Psychological • Implications • During Childhood • During Adulthood

  4. Body Mass Index • BMI • Children’s BMI is an age and sex specific percentile. • Varies as they age • Varies between sexes

  5. Body Mass Index • It is the most widely accepted method for screening. • It is relatively easy to obtain. • It is non-invasive. • It is NOT diagnostic because it is not a direct measure of body fatness.

  6. Obesity • Overweight • >85% Body Mass Index (BMI) but <95% BMI • Obesity • >95% BMI

  7. Obesity • Among preschool-aged children, aged 2–5 years, the prevalence of obesity increased from 5.0% to 12.4%. • Among school-aged children, aged 6–11 years, the prevalence of obesity increased from 4.0% to 17.0%.8, 46 • Among school-aged adolescents, aged 12–19 years, the prevalence of obesity increased from 6.1% to 17.6%.

  8. Obesity • The prevalence rate of obesity was higher among Mexican-American boys (22.1%) and Non-Hispanic black girls (27.7%).

  9. Contributing Factors • Imbalance between calories consumed and calories used to support growth and development • Genetics • Behavior/Lifestyle • Environment

  10. Genetic Factors • Susceptibility to retain excess body weight • Rare genetic disorders • Prader-Willi syndrome • Cannot be solely genetic • The genetics of our population have not changed significantly in the last 30 years, yet childhood obesity has tripled.

  11. Behavior/Lifestyle Factors • Energy intake • Large portions • Calorie dense foods • Physical Activity • Decreased 14% in 13 years in schools • Less than 28% in high school meet minimum recommendations for physical activity.

  12. Behavior/Lifestyle Factors (cont.) • Sedentary Behavior • Television • Video games • Movies • Computers • Cell Phones

  13. Environmental Factors • Home • Child care • School • Community

  14. Physical Complications of Obesity • Type 2 Diabetes • Metabolic Syndrome • High blood pressure • Asthma and other respiratory problems • Sleep disorders

  15. Physical Complications of Obesity (cont.) • Liver disease • Early puberty or menarche • Eating disorders • Skin infections

  16. Physical Complications of Obesity (cont.) • Type 2 Diabetes • Glucose intolerance • Hyperinsulinemia • Acanthosis Nigricans • Overt Diabetes • Cardiovascular Disease • Kidney Failure

  17. Physical Complications of Obesity (cont.) • Metabolic Syndrome • High blood glucose • High blood pressure • Abdominal obesity • Low HDL, elevated cholesterol and high triglycerides

  18. Psychological Complications of Obesity • Depression • Behavior and learning problems • Low self-esteem and bullying

  19. Psychological Complications of Obesity (cont.) • Obese children and adolescents are targets of early and systematic social discrimination. • This type of social stigmatization may hinder academic success, social functioning, and may impact adulthood.

  20. Schools and Obesity • Free and reduced meals • Lower socioeconomic status • May contribute more than 50% of caloric intake • Alternative foods • Snack bars • Student stores • Vending machines

  21. Schools and Obesity (cont.) • Programs to encourage physical activity • Regardless of athletic abilities • Health related fitness classes • Programs regarding nutrition and weight control • Healthy food choices • Portion control

  22. Schools and Obesity (cont.) • Many factors outside of school influence obesity. • The education system alone may not overcome obesity. • Schools may be able to provide an opportunity for prevention.

  23. Summary • Obesity is 95% or greater BMI • Physical Implications • Psychological Implications • What we can do?

  24. Where to Get More Information • http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/index.html • http://www.who.int/topics/obesity/en/ • www.sparkpeople.com

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