How History Influences Texts

1. How History Influences Texts Puritanism (1620-1750)

2. Puritanism was a response to: • England’s establishment of a single state-sponsored church. • King James’ characterization of religious dissenters as heretics and traitors. • King Charles’ use of the courts to imprison people who had broken no laws, but had displeased the King. • This leads to the Great Migration (1630 – 1640) and the founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

3. Two Important New England Settlements The Plymouth Colony The Massachusetts Bay Colony • Flagship Mayflower – 1620 • Leader—William Bradford • Settlers known as Pilgrims and Separatists • “The Mayflower Compact” provides for social, religious, and economic freedom, while maintaining ties to Great Britain. • Flagship Arbella —1630 • Leader—John Winthrop • Settlers are mostly Puritans • “The Arbella Covenant” clearly establishes a religious and theocratic settlement, free of ties to Great Britain.

4. Think, write, pair, share: Describe the reasons the Pilgrams decided to come to the new Plymouth colony and how they survived. Describe the significance of the Mayflower Compact, what was this agreement about? Describe how the Wampanoag helped the pilgrims survive.

5. Values of Puritanism • Total Depravity: Through Adam and Eve’s fall, every person is born sinful—concept of Original Sin. • Unconditional Election: God “saves” those he wishes—only a few are selected for salvation—concept of predestination. • Irresistible Grace: God’s grace is freely given, it cannot be earned or denied. Grace is defined as the saving and transfiguring power of God.

6. Values of Puritanism (continued) • Typology: God’s intentions are present in human actions and in nature. Failure to recognize these intentions is a human failing. • Manifest Destiny: “…for we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill, the eyes of all people are upon us…” John Winthrop (1630) • Backsliding: The belief that “saved” believers can fall into temptation and become sinners. Satan is particularly interested in snaring such believers.

7. Function of Puritan Texts To transform a mysterious God—mysterious because he is separate from the world. To make him more relevant to the universe. To glorify God.

8. Style of Puritan Texts • Plain language: Puritans reject ornateness. • Inversion: Anne Bradstreet’s “Here Follow Some Verses Upon the Burning of our Home” • Purpose: there is a clear purpose to Puritan writing (see previous slide). • Idealism: both religious and political • Biblical allusions: frequent references to, and quotations from, Biblical characters and stories

9. The Role of Women • Women are not permitted to speak in church until 1636. • In Puritan eyes, Eve’s corruption extends to all women, and justifies marginalizing them.

10. Authority and Obedience: The Foundations of Puritan Social Order Has Authority Must Be Obedient • God • Jesus Christ • husband • parents • master • the church • each person • wife • children • servants

11. USA in 2009: The Puritan Legacy The need for moral justification for private, public, and governmental acts The Questing for Freedom— personal, political, economic, and social The Puritan work ethic Elegiac verse—morbid fascination with death The city upon the hill— concept of manifest destiny

12. Timed Writing: The Puritan Legacy Prompt #1 Each aspect of the Puritan legacy (from the previous slide) has positive and negative implications. Which aspect do you personally value or appreciate the most, and why? Prompt #2 Choose an aspect of the Puritan legacy that you dislike. Explain why you believe this aspect of the Puritan legacy is more harmful than helpful to our society today.