How to Give a Khutbah

1. How to Give a Khutbah Mohamed-Umer Esmail

2. Overview • Khutbah • Evidence from Quran, • Hadith, • and Ijma • Arkan (Integrals) • Sunnah • Etiquettes

3. Quran O believers, when the call is proclaimed for the Salât on the day of Friday, hasten to the remembrance of Allâh and leave off business, that is better for You if You did but know.

4. Hadith • The Messenger of Allah (sallaAllahualaihiwasallam) never offered Jumuah except with a khutbah(Bayhaqi). • Many Ahadith mention khutbah for Jumuah. • Omar and Aisha (radyAllahuanhuma): “The prayer of Jumuah has been shortened for the sake of the Khutbah.” (AbdRazzaq, IbnAbiShaybah)

5. Ijma • Overwhelming majority of Scholars state that it is fard or wajib, and a condition for the Jumuah prayer. • Scholars state that it is wajib because Allah forbade business for its sake, and only something wajib would prohibit business.

6. Before the Khutbah • Purification from major uncleanliness • Condition • Sunnah • Purification from minor uncleanliness • Condition • Sunnah • Covering of the awrah (nakedness) • Condition • Sunnah

7. Time • After Zawal according to most • Permissible before Zawal in one opinion according to Imam Ahmad • Before the prayer

8. Minimum Number of Attendees • 4 including Imam (Hanafi) • 12 (Maliki) • 40 (Shafi & Ahmad)

9. Arabic vs Non Arabic • Must be in Arabic • Shafi, Hanbali, Maliki • Hanafi acceptable but makruh • Reconciliation: • The arkan must be in Arabic and the rest in local language • Alternate Solution: Talk in local language before khutbah or after prayer, and two short khutbas in Arabic.

10. TheKhutbah • Minbar; 3 steps and a fourth for sitting (sunnah) • Sitting before the khutbah and adhan (sunnah) • Facing the audience & audience face khatib • “When the Messenger of Allah (sallaAllahualaihiwasallam) would stand on the minbar, the people would face him with their faces.” (IbnMajah) • Salam before the adhan • Sunnah; Hadith (IbnMajah) • Not Sunnah: Not Sunnah

11. The Khutbah • Adhan • Another was added in the time of Uthman • Standing (wajib; Maliki) • Standing on the 3rdstep (sunnah) • Must give 2 khutbas (wajib) • Sunnah: Hanafi, Maliki • Reciting Ta`awwud inaudibly before 1stkhutbah (adab)

12. The Khutbah • Begin with Hamd i.e. praise of Allah • Fard = All • Salat& Salam (durood) on the Prophet • Fard = Shafi • Sunnah= rest • Admonition of Taqwa The above 3 are fard for both khutbas according to Imam Shafi and Ahmad.

13. The Khutbah • Recitation of an ayah • Fard = Shafi in either khutbah • Sunnah = rest

14. The Khutbah • To end the 1stkhutbah with an ayah. (adab) • Sitting in between both for the duration of three tasbihs. (sunnah) • Shortening both khutbas (sunnah) “Shortening the khutbah and lengthening the prayer is a sign of a person’s fiqh (understanding of religion), so lengthen the prayer and shorten the khutbah.”

15. The 2ndKhutbah • Hamd • Fard = Shafi & Ahmad • Sunnah = rest • Salat & Salam (durood) • Fard = Shafi & Ahmad • Sunnah = rest • Dua for the Muslims in the 2ndkhutbah • Fard = Shafi • Sunnah = rest

16. The 2ndKhutbah • To make dua for the Sahaba (adab) • To end the 2ndkhutbah with forgiveness (adab). أسْتَغْفِرُ اللهَ لِي وَلَكُم

17. Miscellaneous • To speak loud enough that the audience can hear the khutbah. • Prohibition for audience to speak • To lean on a stick with the left hand • Tahiyyah al-Masjid during khutbah: • Shafi, Hanbali: Sunnah • Hanafi, Maliki: Makruh