Security Sector and Human Rights Defenders from a 1325 perspective

1. Security Sector and Human Rights Defenders from a 1325 perspective Eva Zillen, Kvinna till Kvinna Maj Linda Johansson, Swedish Armed Forces

3. SWEDINT & NCGM Security Sector and Human Rights Defenders from a 1325 perspective Major Linda Johansson Head of Section, Capability and Liaison at Centre for Gender in Military Operations 2010-2011 Gender Advisor to COM RC N Afghanistan 2008-2009 Gender Field Advisor to COM PRT MES Afghanistan linda.1.johansson@mil.se

4. Swedish Armed Forces The Swedish Armed Forces’ most important resource is its personnel. The Swedish Armed Forces’ payroll includes women, men, officers, civilians, contract soldiers and national service people. In total 20,000 persons serves currently in the Swedish Armed Forces.

5. International units/deployments Currently, Sweden has deployed military forces in Afghanistan and in Kosovo as well as a naval force deployed to the gulf of Aden as a part of Operation Atalanta . Military observers from Sweden have been sent to a large number of countries, including Georgia, North Korea, Lebanon, Israel and Sri Lanka and Sweden also participates with staff officers to missions in Sudan and Chad

6. Women in the Swedish Armed Forces – a brief history • 1980 The first women volunteers undergo basic training in the Swedish Air Force • 1983 Areas including the following become open to women: • Artillery, Air Defence, Engineering, Signals and Army Service units • Coast Artillery sea front gunnery, radar and communications service units • Defence Medical Service (jointly with the Swedish Navy) • Naval command and control, communications and maintenance services • 1989 Women have access to all branches of the armed services • 1994 Women are able to do national service without envisaging further training to officer level

7. The Swedish Government Plan of Action to carry out UNSCR 1325 2006 - 2012"Women can both influence and be affected by armed conflicts"."The implementation of Security Council Resolution 1325 is both a goal in itself and a way of reaching the objectives for security, development, defence and gender equality policies." "Swedish personnel who take part in peace support and humanitarian operations must have undergone training /…/ that covers Resolution 1325, conditions specific to the operation, the applicable legislation and ethical issues."

8. Operational and tactical implementation • The project ”Genderforce” • 2004-2007 • National Actions Plans • 2006 - 2009 • 2009 - 2012 • EUFOR DR Congo 2006 • EUFOR Tchad/RCA 2008/2009 • ISAF Afghanistan 2008 – • GA to Director of Operations 2007 – • Nordic Centre for Gender in Military Operations established at Swedint, inaugurated Jan 2012

9. Political-Strategic Level Military-Strategic Level Op Commander OHQ GENAD (Gender Advisor) GFP(Gender Focal Points) Operational Level Force Commander FHQ GENAD (Gender Advisor) GFP(Gender Focal Points) GFA (Gender FieldAdvisor) Tactical Level GFP(Gender Focal Points) LCC (Land) ACC (Air) MCC (Mar) GFP (Gender Focal Points) Units Units Units

10. Gender perspective as an operational tool To have a gender perspective is to be able to detect if and when men and women are being affected differently by a situation/operation due to their gender. Operational effects of the different situation for men and women in the AOR

11. In what ways are women specifically affected by conflicts? After the conflict Before the conflict During the conflict

12. Identify and support women's formal and informal peace initiatives Engage women's organisations in DDR-work (Disarmament, Demobilization, Reintegration) "Early warnings" In what way can local women be involved in the work to promote peace? After the conflict Before the conflict During the conflict

16. Why do ISAF work with women? Why do ISAF work with women? To strengthen women's role in issues relating to conflict prevention, conflict resolution and operations to establish peace. In order to succeed along ISAF three lines of operations (security, governance and development), we must enable women to have a role in each of these key areas.

18. Afghan Border Police Women’s Drivers Training supported by Combined Team – North (CT-N) WHO: Nine Afghan Border Police Women (ABP) WHAT: Basic Literacy Training (8 Hours), Basic Drivers Training (36 Hours) and First Aid (2 Hours)WHERE: TSS & Camp Shaheen, RC-N, Afghanistan WHEN: 11 July 2011–19 July 2011 WHY: Provide basic first aid, language and behind the wheel drivers training in order to encourage professional growth of the ABP Women How: RMTC Drivers Training Course through ANA Instructors assisted by CT-N Engagement Team and Drivers School Mentors. Proud to be in the driver’s seat Basic First Aid Demonstration to 5th Zone CDR Preventative Maintenance Checks and Services Cone Driving Obstacle Convoy training Hill driving UNCLASSIFIED//REL TO NATO/ISAF Class 11-001 Vehicle Egress training with weapons

20. Women, Peace and Security • Way Ahead: • Improve the involvement of women at all levels in the peace process and ensure women’s participation in the struggle of bringing Peace and Develompent to Afghanistan. • Gender Perspectives in Operations should be planned, executed and evaluated in line with the operationalobjectives. • “Looking the other way makes you a part of the problem. Protecting the people not only requires protecting them from physical harm but also corruption and abuse of power” • - COMISAF Directive 2009

21. Nordic Centre for Gender in Military Operations

23. GENDER COACH A concept providing gender coaches for senior officials Enhancing their knowledge in gender equality : To influence structures and behavior Deepen the understanding of gender equality Implementing a gender perspective Handpicked the senior officials Handpicked the gender coaches It was a success!

24. Focus on that Gender issues is essential for the operational effects • Education, training and understanding • Leadership

25. Questions?

26. Nordic Centre for Gender in Military Operations Activities Workshop at SWEDINT for partners in the Gender Arena 24th-25th of Jan 21012. • 2012 • Inauguration January 24 • GFA course x 2 (10 days) • Gender Train the Trainer Course (10 days) • Gender Seminar-Flagofficer (2 days) • Gender Seminar-CO (3 days) • Lectures • SMEs at training and exercises • METT (2013)

27. An organizational structure of gender monitoring and reporting is to be established, in order to mainstream gender perspective in RC N. RC N Gender Advisor (GENAD): supports the commander and RC Ns units in the implementation of: Security related gender perspective in the military tasks of RC N Gender perspective according to ISAF mandate, SOPs, FRAGOs, Directives etc UNSCR 1325(2000), UNSCR 1820(2008) Female KLE Engagement Teams (MET, FET, PET, CST, FTT) FET is one of several tools for the BSO, but Female Engagement is to be mainstreamed in all functions and units of RC N. Activities characterized by: Face-to-face engagements, female Shuras, CERP funding, engaging Provincial/District Councils Support GIRoA efforts to increase females roles in ANA/ANP RC N Gender Advisor

28. Supports the COM in the implementation of the UNSCR 1325/2000 and 1820/2008, in order to mainstream gender issues at all levels of the PRT work. Organisational structure of gender monitoring and reporting is consist of: PRT GENAD, support operational planning and the tactical implementation of a gender perspective in the operations. Full-time Gender Advisor to the CO PRT. PRT Gender Focal Points at respective units in the field are in charge of implementing and reporting measures dealing with gender issues. PRT Gender Field Advisor PRT Gender Field Advisors

29. WWW.FORSVARSMAKTEN.SE