The Evolution of Exteriors

1. The Evolution of Exteriors Chapter 6

2. Traditional House • Reflect the experiences and tradition of past eras • Two categories • Folk • Originated from common experiences of a group of people • Classic • Represent authentic repetition of architecture with enduring excellence

3. Traditional Folk • Vary from region to region • Withstand a variety of climates, ethnic experiences and lifestyles • Native American • Copied the eight sided mud and log hogans of Navajo • Pueblo—adobe type dwellings, with box like construction, flat roofs and projecting roof beams

5. Traditional Folk • Spanish • Southwestern United States • One story structures with flat or low-pitched red tile roof • Masonry construction of adobe brick covered with stucco • Asymmetrical design and included courtyards, enclosed patios, wrought iron and arched shape window

7. Traditional Folk • Scandinavian • Sweden, Finland, Norway and Denmark • Brought the log cabin • one room home • Gable roof-come to a high point in the center and slope on both sides • Few window

8. Traditional Folk • German • Settled in southeastern Pennsylvania • Built large durable homes of wood and field stone for warmth • Gable roof • Some had small roof ledges between first and second floor call pent roof

9. Traditional Folk • Early English • Tidewater South • Built in the southern coastal region • Simple one room wooden buildings with wood or stone chimney at one end • As the family grew additions were built • Covered porches were added to increase living space

10. Traditional Folk • New England • Two story homes • Constructed of heavier timber frames covered with board and shingles • Cape Cod • Small symmetrical one and one half story with gable roof • Center entrance and central chimney with several fireplaces • Windows have shutters • Dormers are added to the second story to add light and air

11. Traditional Folk • New England • Salt box • Variation of cape cod • A lean to section is added to the back of the house • Similar to the shape of salt boxes • Two or two and a half story • Constructed of wood with steep gable roof • Large central chimney with large window with small panes of glass

12. Traditional Folk • New England • Garrison • Named after early forts • Overhang on the second floor • Overhang is always in the front of the house • Carved drops or pendants below the overhang • Symmetrical design • Steep gable roof • Windows that have small panes of glass

13. Salt Box Garrison Cape Code

14. Traditional Folk • Dutch • Settled in Albany, New York area • One-story structures of brick in urban areas and stone in rural areas • Front door is divided in half horizontally • Later were built of fieldstone or brick. • Created this style after settling in this country • Gambrel roof with eaves that flare outward over an open porch known as Dutch kick • Dormers and central entrance

15. Traditional Folk • French • French Normandy style which was brought to USA by Huguenots • One story structure with narrow door and window openings • Steeply pitched roof with either hipped or side-gabled. • Stucco • In southern region built on post one story above ground • Southern adaptation is known as the French plantation

16. Traditional Folk • Louisiana French style • Balconies with elaborate ironwork railings and white stucco walls • French Manor • Symmetrical homes with wings on each side and Mansard roof • French provincial • Delicate, dignified appearance • Symmetrical • Windows are the dominate part of the designs • As tall as two and half stories

17. Traditional Folk Dutch French Normandy French Manor Gambrel roof French Plantation French Provincial Dutch Mansard Roof

18. Classic Traditional House • Georgian • Adapted from English Architecture • Simple exterior lines, symmetry and dignified appearances • Hip Roofs(sloping ends and sides) • Sometimes topped with flat area called balustrade • Often called captain’s walk

19. Georgian

20. Classic Traditional Houses • Federal • Became popular after American Revolution • Boxlike shape and symmetrical • At least two stories • A small portico • An open space covered by a roof that is supported by columns • Pediments • Architectural roof like decorations that are found over the portico, windows and doors

21. Federal Style

22. Classic Traditional Houses • Greek Revival • Architectural elements found in ancient Greek architecture were carefully duplicated • Two story portico supported by Greek columns and large triangular pediments • Style used in many government buildings

23. Greek Revival

24. Classic Traditional House • Southern Colonial • Large two or three story house of symmetrical design • Hip or gable roof • Two story columns across the front • Dormers, shutter and belvedere • Belvedere is a small room on the roof of house used as a lookout

25. Southern colonial

26. Classic Traditional Homes • Victorian • Following the civil war • Named after Queen Victoria • Abundance of decorative trim • High porches, steep gable roofs, tall windows, high ceilings, dark hallways • Turret • Small towers • Owners tried to outdo each other with decorative trim

27. Victorian

28. Modern Houses • Designs developed from 1900-1960 • Include: • Prairie style • International style • Bungalow • Ranch • Split level

29. Prairie Style • Frank Lloyd Wright created this style between 1900-1910 • Strong horizontal lines • Illusion that the house actually evolved from the site • Constructed of wood, stone and materials found in nature • Earth tone colors • Reduced the number of interior walls and space flows outdoors

30. Prairie Style

31. International Style • Began in the 1900 • Strongly influenced by Bauhaus, a German school of design • Geometric shapes and large expanses of glass • Reinforced white concrete • Flat roofs and garden areas

32. International style

33. Bungalow • Small, one-story with low-pitched roof • Front covered porch • Made of wood or brick • Windows are set high so furniture can be placed beneath them

34. Bungalow

35. Ranch • One story structure • Low pitched roof • Large windows and sliding glass doors • Began in the west • Variation include the hillside ranch and raised or split-entry ranch

36. Ranch

37. Split Level House • Three or four levels • Developed for sloping lots • Advantage is that traffic to social, quiet and service areas can be easily separated • Few stairs to climb to get from one area to another

38. Split Level

39. Contemporary Houses • The most current designs • Can be a blend of traditional architecture • Solar house • Use solar energy • Passive solar—makes use of the sun for heating • Earth Shelter house • Partially covered with soil

40. Contemporary House