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Standard 8-6 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the role of South Carolina in the nation in the early t

Standard 8-6 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the role of South Carolina in the nation in the early twentieth century . . WWI FACTS The US wanted to stay neutral, but eventually did not. Wilson President US against Germany

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Standard 8-6 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the role of South Carolina in the nation in the early t

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  1. Standard 8-6 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the role of South Carolina in the nation in the early twentieth century.

  2. WWI FACTS • The US wanted to stay neutral, but eventually did not. • Wilson President • US against Germany • US involvement in WWI forced a lot of people to be very patriotic. • This war brought an end to the Progressive Movement but not an end to the problems the movement tried to address.

  3. THE AFFECT OF WWI on S.C. POSITIVE • Both black and white SC residents signed up to fight in the way. • Military bases were set up in Columbia, Greenville, Charleston, Paris Island, and Spartanburg. This brought $$$ to the state. • Farmers saw prices go up for their crops. • Lots of jobs in “war industries opened up”. (especially for blacks) NEGATIVE • Many African Americans who fought in the war were still discriminated against. • Many soldiers who fought did not return to their farms or mill jobs. They moved to other states to look for better “city jobs”. • Cotton industry failed • Farms closed • Banks closed

  4. TIME FOR CHANGE….. POLITICAL CHANGES AFTER WWI • Progressive movement ended (-) • 19th amendment passed (Women vote!) (+) SOCIAL CHANGES AFTER WWI • Racism increased (-) • New Technologies (+) (vacuum cleaner, washing machine, automobiles, ect..) • Northern population increased (a lot of southerners left for better northern jobs) (- and +)

  5. ECONOMIC CHANGES AFTER WWI • Decreased population in the South (-) • Industry grew…..cars and electricity. (+)

  6. IMPROVEMENTS after WWI • Cities and towns installed water systems and sanitation systems • Streets were paved • Electricity grew • Radio Stations, movies, music, and dance helped with communication (Mass Media) • The “big apple” (NYC) and “flappers”, and African American nightclubs became popular. • Suburbs grew • Education increased (additional funds were given to white schools) • Cars were common • People traveled/vacationed more. Hotels and tourism became popular.

  7. SOUTH CAROLINA IN THE 1920s • Prohibition was a failure. “Moonshiners” continued to sell it. Increased crime and the KKK found new targets. • Boll Weevil invasion! Cotton farms failed! • People moved away to the North! • Radio stations and movie theatres! • Cars! • Segregated resorts were built on beaches! • KKK power and influence grew. Not just targeting blacks.

  8. SOUTHERN LITERACY RENAISSANCE • Was led by The Poetry Society of SC • Contributors included: Julia Peterkin(Pulitzer Prize winner for Literature) DuBose Heyward (author of “Porgy” which later became a famous Opera)

  9. Harlem Renaissance • Brought recognition and pride to black artists and musicians. • A result of “the great migration” of African Americans coming to the Northeast and Midwest. • African Americans led the response in trying to end Jim Crow laws, discrimination, violence, and poverty. • They also helped with job opportunities. • Harlem Renaissance names: James Weldon (writer), Langston Hughes (writer), William Johnson (artist)

  10. The KKK…… back on the attack! • The movie “The Birth of a Nation” showed the KKK in a POSITIVE light. • The KKK now targets immigrants, radicals, and Catholics, gambler's, and bootleggers……as well as African Americans. • The KKK started advertising and using businesses to promote membership and gain political power. • National Organization with a strong following in small towns in the midwest and the South.

  11. “Hard Times” FARMERS • During WWI, the farmers supplied the food for troops and cotton for uniforms. This brought in $$!! • But…once the war was over…. SC farmers once again suffered. • Farmers took out loans during the war and once the war was over they were not able to pay them back. • This caused farmers to loose their land and banks to close.

  12. “Hard Times” TEXTILES AND MILLS • Nylon started replacing cotton. International competition started. • But…. SC mills remained successful. Northern industry owners were attracted to the South because of their supply of cheap labor. • Mill villages received electricity and water. • Mill owners started to “speed up” (set machines to work faster) and “stretch out” (fewer workers on a shift) • But-overall- textile industry suffered due to declining demand and overproduction.

  13. THE GREAT DEPRESSION What was it? • NOT caused by the stock market crash! • Banks failed • textile mills closed • farmers lost their land • the railroad system went bankrupt • people had no jobs or money • stores closed • marriage and birth rates dropped. • Charities started and people started to look to the government for help.

  14. Franklin Delano Roosevelt • He became President as soon as the Depression started. • He used radio to talk to people and reassure them that “there was nothing to fear but fear itself”. (“Fireside chats”) • Created a lot of programs to help American recover . • Helped create jobs, benefits, and social security • His programs were called the NEW DEAL

  15. Listen to the 1st Fireside Chat

  16. NEW DEAL PROGRAMS • REA (Rural Electrification Act) • created electric cooperatives. • Gave electricity to farms. • CCC ( Cilivan Conservation Corp) • created camps for young men to find jobs. • Constructed 900 bridges, 129 lookout towers, planted 56 million trees, built 16 state park • They created Hunting Island, Paris Mountain, Poinsett, and Myrtle Beach State Parks.

  17. PWA (Public Works Administration) • Gave money to governments to build roads, bridges, dams, and other public works • Built schools, libraries, courthouses, Navy aircraft carriers, highways, airports, bridges, playgrounds, hospitals, painted murals, wrote plays, conducted interviews with African Americans for historical record.

  18. SOCIAL SECURITY • Created to help the elderly, disabled, orphaned, and unemployed. • Created by Roosevelt and US Congress • Federal Insurance Program to prevent future depressions. **The New Deal did not assist African American’s fairly. **The New Deal Programs helped, but DID NOT end the Depression.

  19. SANTEE COOPER ELECTRICTY PROJECT • Largest New Deal project • Hydroelectric power project • Included Lake Marion, Lake Moultrie, 2 rivers, 2 canals, a swamp, 450 miles of coastline, 6.5 million gallons of water • Provided power for SC and recreational uses

  20. People involved with the New Deal • Mary McLeod Bethune –African American educator and civil rights leader. She founded a college, was an unofficial member of the “black cabinet”, and gave advise to President Roosevelt. • James F. Byrnes- former governor of SC and advisor to Roosevelt. Served in the US Senete and US Supreme Court. Helped Roosevelt pass the New Deal through congress.

  21. The Textile Strike of 1934 • The largest strike in the labor history of the United States • Workers upset with working conditions and low wages • Violence broke out between Union workers and strike breakers (scabs) • involving 400,000 textile workers • lasting twenty-two days. • Police fired shots at a Honea Path Mill, killing 7 workers

  22. RESULT OF THE STRIKE: • wages in the South was low for decades • led to the collapse of unions in SC. • Minimum wage was establish and overtime (max hours) was recognized. • National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) was created to help.

  23. Effects of WWII • The Doolittle Raid was the first air raid by the United States to strike the Japanese during World War II. • it provided a confidence boost for the US after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor • Military camps that were used during WWI were re-opened during WWII. • The economy of SC (and the US) got better and we started to climb out of depression. • WWII provided more jobs • People came together to collect scrap metal, rubber, paper, and war bonds to raise money for the war effort and to use after the war was over.

  24. The Tuskegee Airmen were the first African American military aviators during WWII. • Trained in Alabama • The American military (at this time) was racially segregated • The Tuskegee Airmen were subject to racial discrimination, both within and outside the army. • The Tuskegee Airmen opened the door for many African Americans to serve in the military.

  25. TIME FOR A TEST!!!!

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