Yunasko supercapacitors – the best choice to get both high power and energy density

1. Yunaskosupercapacitors – the best choice to get both high power and energy density Dr. Natalia Stryzhakova, Deputy R&D Director Supercapacitors Europe, Berlin, April 17-18, 2013

2. Yunaskosupercapacitors – the best choice to get both high power and energy density Table of contents Brief company presentation C/C supercapacitors: YUNASKO approach to reduce ESR and RC values YUNASKO hybrid devices Conclusions and Acknowledgements

3. Yunaskosupercapacitors – the best choice to get both high power and energy density About Yunasko • YUNASKO Ltd is registered in the UK since Feb. 2010 and has the subsidiary company: YUNASKO-Ukraine with R&D, Design Bureau and Pilot Plant (team 60+).The core R&D team has 23 years of experience in UC technology. Previous R&D projects included: • Idaho National Laboratory (1996-1997) • Superfarad/Skeleton Technologies (1996-2002) • Ener1 Group (2004-2005) • APowerCap Technologies (2006-2009) • Pilot Plant managers have wide experience in the capacitor industry (former “Kation” Plant in Ukraine). • Near perspectives: scale production in Europe and Asia.

4. Yunaskosupercapacitors – the best choice to get both high power and energy density Energy storage system classification AC AC 2-6 Wh/kg; 1-10 kW/kg EDLC BP BN Battery 15-200 Wh/kg; 1-5 kW/kg Internal Serial Hybrids AC BP 10-20 Wh/kg; ~2 kW/kg AC BN Internal Parallel Hybrids AC/LMO AC/LTO D.Cericola et al. J.Power Sources, 2011, v.196, p.10305-10313 D.Cericola, R. Kötz. Electrochim. Acta, 2012, v.72, p.1-17.

5. Yunaskosupercapacitors – the best choice to get both high power and energy density EDLC vs. Hybrid capacitor (HC) EDLC 1. Capacitance HC (Internal Serial) 3. Voltage 2. Resistance W.G.Pell, B.E.Conway. J.Power Source, 2004, v.136, p.334-345

6. Yunaskosupercapacitors – the best choice to get both high power and energy density Low internal resistance, Rin - key advantage of SC devices in various applications Heat generation = ʃI2Rint (low heat generation implies simple design and safety) Efficiency = RLoad/(RLoad + Rin) (high efficiency is important for KERS and many other applications) Power output ~ 1/Rin (high power density allows to meet customer requirements with less mass) Quick response (low RC-constant) (is important for grid frequency regulation) Also MASS and COST reduction!

7. Yunaskosupercapacitors – the best choice to get both high power and energy density Yunasko approach to reduce R and RC SC resistivity (in W.cm2) total ~ 1.0 rAl-C ~ 0.01 rC ~ 0.07 Thus: rEl ~ 0.9 Though: rEl-in-bulk ~ 0.2 “pore resistance” ~ 0.7 10

8. Yunaskosupercapacitors – the best choice to get both high power and energy density Correlation of diffusion coefficients in pores with SC resistance Diffusion coefficients of BF4- anions and EtMe3N+cations in NP carbons (pulsed field-gradient 19F NMR measurements, see: Y. Cohen, L. Avram, L. Frish; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2005, 44, p.520)

9. Yunaskosupercapacitors – the best choice to get both high power and energy density Correlation of diffusion coefficients in pores with SC resistance NOTE: in bulk solution Deff = 10.1×10-10 m2/s Diffusion coefficients of Fc+ cations in NP carbons (Rotating Disc Electrode measurements, see: A.J.Bard, L.R.Faulkner; Electrochemical Methods. Fundamentals and Applications (2nd ed.); Wiley, 2001, p.335 )

10. Yunaskosupercapacitors – the best choice to get both high power and energy density RC-constant comparison1 1)source: JME and ITS test results, also Producer’s site; 2) non-acetonitrile based electrolyte

11. Yunaskosupercapacitors – the best choice to get both high power and energy density Recent Yunasko SC modules 15 V, 200 F: max working voltage 16.2 V max surge voltage 18.0 V dc pulse resistance 0.5 mΩ mass 2.5 kg (equipped with voltage balancing system and temperature sensor)

12. Yunaskosupercapacitors – the best choice to get both high power and energy density basic city duty cycle Yunasko competitive advantage: low heat generation ΔT: cells in the centre cells at the edge Continuous cycling the module over 8 hours

13. Yunaskosupercapacitors – the best choice to get both high power and energy density YUNASKO hybrid device

14. Yunaskosupercapacitors – the best choice to get both high power and energy density Yunasko hybrids - Ragone plot

15. Yunaskosupercapacitors – the best choice to get both high power and energy density Hybrid capacitor cycle life

16. Yunaskosupercapacitors – the best choice to get both high power and energy density Test results a) ITS test results; b) JME test results; c)YUNASKO test results for BCAP1200 P270 K2, RSC2R7308 LR, SP4

17. Yunaskosupercapacitors – the best choice to get both high power and energy density Yunasko has found a method to significantly reduce ESR (US and EU patents pending). Due to low ESR Yunasko devices demonstrate the highest power density and do not require active cooling in many applications. YUNASKO hybrid devices based on mechanical mixture of LIB and SC components provide the energy density of 36 W.h/kg accompanied by low internal resistance and good cycle life. Optimalmarketnichesfor hybrid devices can be related with the tasks that require the operation at high power but at the same time specific energy of SC devices is not enough. Conclusions

18. Yunaskosupercapacitors – the best choice to get both high power and energy density Acknowledgements Special thanks to my R&D and Design Bureau colleagues: Dr. Y.Maletin, Dr. S.Zelinskyi, Dr. D.Tretyakov, S.Chernukhin,S.Podmogilny, S.Tychina, O.Gozhenko, A.Maletin, D.Drobny, and A.Slezin Our Pilot Plant and Administrative Department: For the great support, diligence and dedication to work Many thanks to Dr. Andrew F. Burke (ITS) and Dr. John R. Miller (JME) for their measurements and stimulating discussions Financial support from FP7 Project # 286210 (Energy Caps) is very much acknowledged

19. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Please visit us at: www.yunasko.com