Eco San Promotion Project - EPP a Component of the Water Sector Reform Programme

1. EcoSan Promotion Project - EPP a Component of theWater Sector Reform Programme Water Sector Reform Programme, EU-GTZ EcoSan: EU-WF / 28/07/2008

2. FOOD FOOD Closing the loop between sanitation and agriculture NUTRIENTS NUTRIENTS Pathogen destruction Water Sector Reform Programme, EU-GTZ EcoSan: EU-WF / 28/07/2008

3. Shortcomings of conventional water carriage sanitation Unsatisfactory purification or uncontrolled discharge of more than 90 % of wastewater worldwide Severe water pollution, unbearable health risks Consumption of precious water for transport of waste High investment, energy, operating and maintenance costs Frequent subsidization of prosperous areas and neglect of poorer settlements Loss of valuable nutrients and trace elements contained in excrements due to discharge into waters Problems with contaminated sewage sludge in combined, central systems Linear end-of-pipe technology Water Sector Reform Programme, EU-GTZ EcoSan: EU-WF / 28/07/2008

4. Advantages of ecological sanitation • Improvement of health by minimizing the introduction of pathogens from human excrements into the water cycle • Promotion of safe, hygienic recovery and use of nutrients, organics, trace elements, water and energy • Preservation of soil fertility, Improvement of agricultural productivity • Conservation of resources • Preference for modular, decentralised partial-flow systems for more appropriate, cost-efficient solutions • Promotion of a holistic, interdisciplinary approach • Material flow cycle instead of disposal Water Sector Reform Programme, EU-GTZ EcoSan: EU-WF / 28/07/2008

5. Shortcomings of Conventional „drop and store“ Sanitation Retention of solids Infiltration of liquids Pathogens Nitrates Polluted groundwater Viruses Water Sector Reform Programme, EU-GTZ EcoSan: EU-WF / 28/07/2008

6. Main Intervention lines for pilot implementations: Single households Public institutions like (boarding) schools, prisons, and small hospitals Public places, such as markets, bus parks, and boat landings Informal Settlements Water Sector Reform Programme, EU-GTZ EcoSan: EU-WF / 28/07/2008

7. Identified Pilot Areas for Implementation of EcoSan clusters (green)Sanitation Hot Spots (yellow) of Low Sanitation Coverage Frequent Cholera Outbreaks High Water Tables Unstable / Infertile Soils Flood Occurrence High Poverty IndexCapacity Building on Sustainable & Environmental Friendly Sanitation forMWI, WSTF, WSB WSP & Private Sector Civil Society / Communities 7

8. Up to 21 pit latrines on one school compound Typical Situations in Schools Rural boarding school with basic sanitation by costly erected but poorly maintained VIP-latrines.(left) Remains of more than 30 abundant pit latrines on school compound in Nyanza (right) Water Sector Reform Programme, EU-GTZ EcoSan: EU-WF / 28/07/2008

9. Principles of an Urine Diverting De-hydrating Toilet Water Sector Reform Programme, EU-GTZ EcoSan: EU-WF / 28/07/2008

10. 30 100 60 90 70 80 228 362 100 25 23 11 11 20 2 % ground level ground level EcoSan Technologies gully (sloping towards the outside) urine collection tank break-through for leachate discharge Urine Diverting De-hydrating Toilet - UDDT Water Sector Reform Programme, EU-GTZ EcoSan: EU-WF / 28/07/2008

11. 116 116 346 ~ 95 ~ 95 200 362 89 100 80 100 146 23 23 11 11 11 23 25 23 A B C D D C B A EcoSan Technologies ventilation pipe leachate garden to greywater garden urine collection compartment Urine Diverting De-hydrating Toilet - UDDT Water Sector Reform Programme, EU-GTZ EcoSan: EU-WF / 28/07/2008

12. Urine Diverting De-hydrating Toilets - UDDTs • EcoSan Technologies Implemented Water Sector Reform Programme, EU-GTZ EcoSan: EU-WF / 28/07/2008 Urine Diverting De-hydrating Toilets on household and school (staff) levels Low Flush Toilets connected to Biogas-Digesters & constructed wetlands for Institutions Bio-Latrine-Centres for Public Places and Informal Settlements 12

13. ALDEF, UDDT Installations in North-Eastern / Madogashe Water Sector Reform Programme, EU-GTZ EcoSan: EU-WF / 28/07/2008

14. Dissemination of UDDTs in Western and Nyanza Cluster approach: Double Door UDDTs for Staff in Schools And Single Household Installations in the Environment of the School Water Sector Reform Programme, EU-GTZ EcoSan: EU-WF / 28/07/2008

15. Increase implementation Speed by Training of Artisans Training on-the–job by adding at least 2 trainees to each of the experiencedEcoSan artisans (Western and Nyanza Province) Water Sector Reform Programme, EU-GTZ EcoSan: EU-WF / 28/07/2008

16. 40 m3 Ferro cement water tank for rainwater harvesting at Khaimba Primary School / Western Province Water Sector Reform Programme, EU-GTZ EcoSan: EU-WF / 28/07/2008

17. For large scale roll out of UDDT bring down unit costs and support Community based Organisations Low cost UDDTs withsingle drying chamberunit cost approx. 23.000 KES (Nyanza) Water Sector Reform Programme, EU-GTZ EcoSan: EU-WF / 28/07/2008

18. Advantages of Urine Diverting De-hydratiing Toilets - UDDTs: no water usage good for areas with floods and unstable soil conditions enables the use of urine as fertiliser (N, P – fertiliser) and sanitised faeces (organic fertiliser) in agriculture feaces are sanitised when collecting chamber needs to be discharged prevents contamination of groundwater with pathogenes, nitrate, etc (no leaching of sewage) permanent construction (VIPs latrines mostly require the construction of a new one, when the pit is filled up) can be built and maintained with local material and knowledge EcoSan Technologies Water Sector Reform Programme, EU-GTZ EcoSan: EU-WF / 28/07/2008