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AFRICA 1600- 1750

AFRICA 1600- 1750. Economic, Political & Social Changes . Central Question. How did slavery influence Africa? . ECOMONIC CHANGES . Africa . Economy. Silver & sugar Participated in world economy through slave trade

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AFRICA 1600- 1750

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  1. AFRICA 1600- 1750 Economic, Political & Social Changes

  2. Central Question How did slavery influence Africa?

  3. ECOMONIC CHANGES Africa

  4. Economy • Silver & sugar • Participated in world economy through slave trade • Slave trade traced back to 15th century, rose in 17th and 18th centuries • Grafted onto existing system of slave commerce • 2 Africans for every 1 European essential to prosperity of American colonies

  5. Economy • Merchants shipped slaves around Indian Ocean • More slaves sent to Americas once plantation agriculture began to spread • W. flow=12 million survived forcible enslavement/ shipment to Atlantic ports 1440s-1867 • Merchant capitalists prospered slave trade rose

  6. Economy • Commercial fortune depended on alliances with African trading & Political networks • African partners/ commercial networks left to capture slaves • High morality = losses of profits • Merchants-active role in supplying slaves for transatlantic shipment • Shift=Households that commanded large animal herds or land  urban merchants and warrior elites

  7. SOCIAL CHANGES Africa

  8. Religion • Asante (Ashanti) • Universal god – Onyame • Kingdom of the Dead – Samande • Ancestor Worship • Benin • Polytheistic • Power of witches • Mostly Christian • About ¼ Islam; • Vudun or “voodoo”

  9. Language • Misconception: there was no written language until recently • Asante • Decedents of Akan Tribes • Various forms of Twi; tone language • Benin • Learned written and spoken language from the Portuguese • Native Language Kwa

  10. Dress&Customs • Women Influence • Ashanti • Weaving (only men) • Different patterns • Matrilineal • Gold • Benin • Bronze art • Funerals = Important part of someone’s history • Drummers and dancers perform at funerals

  11. POLITICAL CHANGES Africa

  12. Political • Dutch armada of 21 ships • Captured Luanda, Benguela, and Sao Tome from Portuguese • 1623, Portuguese signed a treaty with Ndongo

  13. Political • 1624, Nzinga became Queen of Ndongo • Conquered kingdom of Matamba in war with Portuguese • Made alliance with Dutch • Dutch sent her soldiers Queen Nzinga

  14. Political • Portuguese gained strength back • Portuguese drove Dutch out of Luanda in 1648 • Dutch no longer helped • Nzinga could fight Portuguese anymore • Signed treaty giving Portuguese access to Matamba’s markets Video: Verbalizm: David J

  15. Primary Source Those sold by the Blacks are for the most part prisoners of war, taken either in fight, or pursuit, or in the incursions they make into their enemies territories; others stolen away by their own countrymen; and some there are, who will sell their own children, kindred, or neighbors. This has been often seen, and to compass it, they desire the person they intend to sell, to help them in carrying something to the factory by way of trade, and when there, the person so deluded, not understanding the language, is old and deliver'd up as a slave, notwithstanding all his resistance, and exclaiming against the treachery.... Written by John Barbot (an agent for the French Royal African Company) in 1678

  16. Questions • Based on this passage what do you think about the family bonds in Africa? • Do you think anybody make alliances with the Dutch after they let Queen Nzinga down? • How do you think the shift of wealth to urban merchants and warrior elites effected the rest of society?

  17. WORKS CITED • “Ancient Africa for Kids .” MrDonn. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. <http://africa.mrdonn.org/‌benin.html>.  • “Ancient Clothing .” History for Kids . N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2010. <http://www.historyforkids.org/‌learn/‌clothing/‌ >. • “Ashanti .” Ashanti . Jay INC , n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. <http://www.ashanti.com.au/‌pb/‌wp_8078438f.html>. • “Benin Religion Benin Beliefs.” Over Landing Africa . N.p., 2009 . Web. 20 Oct. 2010. <http://www.overlandingafrica.com/‌benin/‌religion/>. • Blauer, Ettagale, V L Giddings, and Dorothy and Thomas Hoobler. “Clothing of African Cultures.” Fashion Encyclopedia. N.p., 1999. Web. 18 Oct. 2010. <http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/‌fashion_costume_culture/‌Early-Cultures-African/‌Clothing-of-African-Cultures.html >. • “West Africa .” The Islamic World to 1600 . The University of Calgary, 1998. Web. 18 Oct. 2010. <http://www.ucalgary.ca/‌applied_history/‌tutor/‌islam/‌fractured/‌westAfrica.html>. • Zahid, Ishaq. “Five Pillars of Islam .” Islam 101. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2010. <http://www.islam101.com/‌dawah/‌pillars.html >. • “Languages of Africa .” Wikipedia . N.p., 9 Oct. 2010. Web. 18 Oct. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/‌wiki/‌Languages_of_Africa>. • Matt. “Africa Religions .” Slide Share. N.p., 2008. Web. 14 Oct. 2010. <http://www.slideshare.net/‌matt/‌africa-religions-presentation >. • Scribner, Charles. “Christianity in Africa .” Novel Guide . N.p., 2002 . Web. 18 Oct. 2010. <http://www.novelguide.com/‌a/‌discover/‌aes_01/‌aes_01_00085.html>. “Trade and the Spread of Islam In Africa .” Met Museum . Department of Arts of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas , Oct. 2001. Web. 18 Oct. 2010. <http://www.metmuseum.org/‌toah/‌hd/‌tsis/‌hd_tsis.htm >.  • West, April. “Ashanti Culture .” MNSU. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. <http://www.mnsu.edu/‌emuseum/‌cultural/‌oldworld/‌africa/‌ashanti_culture.html>. • Tignor, Robert, et al. Worlds Together Worlds Apart. New York City: W.W. Norton & Company, 2008. Print. • John Barbot, "A Description of the Coasts of North and South Guinea," in Thomas Astley and John Churchill, eds., Collection of Voyages and Travels (London, 1732). • Smitha, Frank Eugene. "Queen Nzinga." Marohistory and World Report. N.p., 17 Oct. 2001. Web. 21 Oct. 2010. <http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h28af3-3.htm>.

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