THE NEW ECONOMY IN OXFORDSHIRE

2. THE NEW ECONOMY IN OXFORDSHIRE

3. THE NEW ECONOMY IN OXFORDSHIRE Cryogenics : Classic Enabling Technology [Low Temperatures - as Low as You Can Go - Achieved by Cryogens or CryoCoolers] They Enable : • Changes of State • Energy Levels & Molecular Vibration • Superconductivity • Preservation • … So What ?

4. THE NEW ECONOMY IN OXFORDSHIRE Rocket Fuel, Gas to Your Cooker Synchrotrons, MRI Scanners • Changes of State • Superconductivity • Molecular Vibration • Preservation • Cryogenics Makes Your Life Better ! Astronomy, Weather Forecast, even Cricket ! Tissue, Plants, Cryotherapy, Cosmetics (‘Frotox’)

5. THE NEW ECONOMY IN OXFORDSHIRE Why and how did the industry get started in Oxfordshire ?

6. … we have to thank Adolf Hitler for cryogenics in Oxfordshire … and Frederick Lindemann (later Lord Cherwell) Head of Clarendon Laboratory Anti Semitism in Germany in the 1930s … gave Lindemann the idea to offer refuge to top quality Jewish physicists especially those who worked in low temperatures. The result: Franz (later Sir Francis) Simon, Kurt Mendelssohn, Heinrich Kuhn and Nicholas Kurti … Low temperature work really took off in the Clarendon laboratory in the 1930s … as did magnetic fields By 1956 Kurti achieved a millionth of a degree kelvin using nuclear demagnetisation and Parks Road Oxford was the coldest spot on earth. In 1960 Kurti repeated the experiment on live television (Tomorrow’s World) and the record stood for 18 years (see Guinness Book of Records!) H. Jones Cluster Day 28-09-11

7. The legacy of all this seeped into Oxfordshire – and elsewhere. • Oxford Instruments, the university’s first spin out company was founded – See Audrey’s excellent book “Magnetic Venture” • Another Clarendon Man, Jeremy Good (Mendelssohn’s student), founded a company called, Cryogenic • Mendelssohn founded the journal “Cryogenics” in Oxford • Yet another Clarendon man, Ralph Scurlock, founded the Institute of Cryogenics in Southampton • Kurti was a co-founder of the British Cryogenics Council (its current chairman is a Clarendon man …..) • John Cosier and Mike Glazer (both Clarendon men) founded Oxford Cryosystems (Long Hanborough) • Let’s Bring in Berkshire Too ! Rutherford Appleton Laboratory on the Harwell Oxford Campus has immense depth of heritage in Cryogenics and Superconducting Magnets H. Jones Cluster Day 28-09-11

8. How did things spread ? • After OI, other “cryogenic” companies formed sometimes from OI • Thor Cryogenics Magnex (ElScint) - Berensfield • Technology Systems (brief but existed) - Witney • AS Scientific – Abingdon • OMT (Eynsham) morphed into Siemens Magnet Technology • Thames Cryogenics - Didcot • Scientific Magnetics - Abingdon • ICE Oxford • Cryophysics - Witney H. Jones Cluster Day 28-09-11

9. THE NEW ECONOMY IN OXFORDSHIRE What does [ the ‘industry’ ] do?

11. What Do They Do ? (World Leaders etc in Red) Agilent Air Products AS Scientific BOC Carter Bearings CCFE Cryox Diamond Light Source FMB 4He Solutions ICEoxford LTiMetaltech Mach-Tech MRC Oxeta Oxford Brookes Oxford Cryosystems Oxford Instruments Oxford University Quantum Cryogenics Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Siemens Magnet Technology Temati Thames Cryogenics THE NEW ECONOMY IN OXFORDSHIRE

12. What does [ the ‘industry’ ] do? • It is the Home of Superconducting Magnet Development Heritage • It makes more MRI Scanner Magnets than anywhere else in the World • It has the Most Successful Cryocooler Technology Flown in Space • It is the World Leading Source of ‘Cryogen-Free’ Scientific Equipment • It is the UK Centre for Import, Distribution and Use of Helium • It has produced a Cryogenic Diaspora spread round the World • Superconducting Magnet Engineers Rely on Software from Oxfordshire • There are ‘Heinz 57’ Varieties of Specialist, from Sought-After, One-Man Band Specialists (eg in Magnets or Materials) to Companies of every size up to FTSE and Global, making components from MRI magnet suspension systems to Cryogenic ‘Plumbing’ to storing vast Biological Repositories THE NEW ECONOMY IN OXFORDSHIRE

13. THE NEW ECONOMY IN OXFORDSHIRE What does [ the ‘industry’ ] need to grow and prosper in Oxfordshire in the future?

14. What’s the Future for Cryogenics ? • Changes of State • Superconductivity • Molecular Vibration • Preservation THE NEW ECONOMY IN OXFORDSHIRE Automotive Fuels : Liquid Hydrogen, Liquid Air ! Superconducting Wind Turbine Generators IR Cameras, Ever-Sharper Images Going Back to Big Bang Fish Fingers & Frozen Peas to Cord Blood & ‘BioBanks’

15. Question : What does [ the ‘industry’ ] need to grow and prosper in Oxfordshire in the future? Answer : We Don’t Know. We’re in the Process of Finding Out. • Here are some opinions & ideas; Discussion is welcome : • Cryo Business has same fundamental ‘feeding and watering’ needs eg Funds, Energy, Property. Enterprise Zone a Damp Squib [Wow - Lower Rates !] • The Cluster is Cooking up a Cryogenic Apprenticeship at Didcot UTC • STFC is Funding an Economic Impact Study on Cryogenics [‘Cryo Stats’] • LEP ‘Network Navigators’ : generate growth under Oxfordshire City Deal • Unique Needs ? If Space need ‘Catapult’ do we ? Or High-Field Mag Lab … ? • ‘Clusters’ are Tricky Creatures : Michael Porter View, Competitive Advantage ?“Incubate, Stimulate, Provoke” THE NEW ECONOMY IN OXFORDSHIRE

16. THE NEW ECONOMY IN OXFORDSHIRE • British Cryogenics Council www.bcryo.org.uk • B Cryo - Monthly e-Newsletter • British Cryogenics Cluster Group on LinkedIn • European Cryogenics Day May 29 • Cryogenic Cluster Day (Sep 19) http://www.stfc.ac.uk/2965.aspx • ‘Magnetic Ventures’ by Audrey Wood

17. BRITISH CRYOGENIC CLUSTER The Most Powerful Concentration of Cryogenic Expertise on Earth