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Science & Marine Biology

Science & Marine Biology. Importance of Oceans and Marine Organisms. Oceans cover nearly 71% of the earth’s surface and the living organisms that inhabit them are an important source of food and natural products. 2. Oceans act to drive various weather patterns that affect

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Science & Marine Biology

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  1. Science & Marine Biology Importance of Oceans and Marine Organisms • Oceans cover nearly 71% of the earth’s surface and the living • organisms that inhabit them are an important source of food • and natural products. 2. Oceans act to drive various weather patterns that affect terresterial environment. Ex. El nino southern Oscillation (ENSO) , which originates in the Pacific ocean.

  2. 3. Ocean productivity- the amount of food marine organisms can produce and the number of organisms the ocean can support. Ex. UN reports that 97 million metric tons of fish are harvested annually. 4. Marine organisms are a main source of food and also provide us with important materials for industry and medicine.

  3. 5. They are also important in scientific research as they have given us information not only about the organism but to better understand biology. 6. Oceans influence the lives of humans directly: supplies us with food, changes the coastline, and influences weather. Indirectly- provides jobs, opportunities for scientific research.

  4. Study of the Sea and Inhabitants • Oceanography- is the study of the oceans and their • phenomena such as waves, currents, and tides. • 2. Marine biology- study of living organisms that inhabit the seas • and their interactions with each other and their environments. 3. Biotic factor- living 4. Abiotic factor- nonliving 5. Producers- produce their own food. 6. Consumer- rely on other organisms for food.

  5. Marine Biology: History and Perspective • Early studies can be traced back to Greeks and Romans. • 2. Aristotle- first developed scheme of classification called the • “ladder of life”. 3. Pliny the Elder- Roman naturalist- 37 volume Natural History- mostly terresterial animals. 4. 18th and 19th Centuries- time of great discovery due to better sailing ships and navigational instruments.

  6. 5. 1831- HMS Beagle- Charles Darwin made a 5yr voyage of exploration. During this voyage he formulated “Theory of Evolution” and the phenomenon of atoll formation. 6. Early belief that no organisms existed in oceans depths is disproved when a deep ocean cable was retrieved covered with organisms

  7. Plankton- organisms that drift or float in the seas currents. This term was coined by Victor Henson. Alexander Agassiz- one of the foremost U.S. marine biologist of the 19th century. Louis Agassiz- -father of Alex, founded the first marine biology lab in U.S. in 1873. In 1888 the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole was founded.

  8. In 1922 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute was founded. Fridtjal Nansen contributed greatly to our knowledge of the Arctic regions. Sir Alistar Hardy led expeditions to the Arctic seas to study whales.

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