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Palma Blonda , CNR-ISSIA, Bari- Ital blonda@ba.issiar.it

Biodiversity Multi-Source Monitoring System: From Space To Species (BIO_SOS ) FP7-SPA-2010-1-263435. Palma Blonda , CNR-ISSIA, Bari- Ital blonda@ba.issia.cnr.it. On behalf of the BIO_SOS Consortium. Main achievement:

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Palma Blonda , CNR-ISSIA, Bari- Ital blonda@ba.issiar.it

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  1. Biodiversity Multi-Source Monitoring System: From Space To Species (BIO_SOS) FP7-SPA-2010-1-263435 Palma Blonda,CNR-ISSIA, Bari-Italblonda@ba.issia.cnr.it On behalf of the BIO_SOS Consortium Main achievement: The development of a pre-operational multi-modular system, based on ecological modelling, suitable for multi-annual monitoring of NATURA 2000 sites and surrounds to support decisions relating to biodiversity conservation. www.biosos.eu

  2. Three years project Dec 2010-Nov. 2013 Contribution: 2 417 363,71 € Left on Sept 2011 http://www.biosos.eu/

  3. Study sites in different bio-geographical areas • Sites in Brazil and India for system generalization http://www.biosos.eu/

  4. The problem: biodiversity loss • The conservation status report required by Art. 17 of the Habitats (92/43/EEC) directive is based on the new Standard Data Form (2011) • Range of habitat • Area covered by habitat type within range • Structure and functions • Future prospects • Reason for changes • Pressures/threats • Users (i.e. management authorities ) need: • Standardized method • Scale 1:5000 or finer; • Long-time data series for monitoring changes • Scientific support to evaluate the impact of existing policies.

  5. Issues for habitat monitoring from space • Selection of a taxonomy for LCLU and habitat classes • LCLU: CORINE, FAO-LCCS, IGBP, etc. • Habitats:Eunis, CORINE Biotope, GHC, Annex I. • How to train an automatic classification system for LCLU and habitats mapping: data driven or knowledge-driven? • Pixel based or object based? • Habitats diversity is considered as proxy of biodiversity: • How to translate LCLU to Habitats? • Ecological modeling at habitat level • How to define the habitat conservation status?Ecological modeling at landscape level

  6. EODHaMpeculiarities: taxonomies LCLU: Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) as it was proved very useful for subsequent translation to Annex I habitats (Tomaselli et al., 2013): It offers a framework to integrate EO with env. attributes It is based on Life-Forms It better describes (semi)-natural classes than CLC It is based on LC diagnostic criteria rather than on a pre-defined set of LC classes Habitats: General Habitat Categories(GHCs) are used to maphabitatsalsooutside Europe. They are based on Life Forms and include ecologicalconcepts . Rules to Annex I are available(EBONE, Bunceet al., 2005, 2008, 2012) http://www.biosos.eu/

  7. Aprimarily vegetated A11 cultivated and managed terrestrial areas A12 natural and semi-natural terrestrial vegetation A23 cultivated aquatic or regularly flooded areas A24 natural and semi-natural aquatic or regularly flooded vegetation Bprimarily non vegetated B15 artificial surfaces and associated areas B16 bare areas B27 artificial waterbodies, snow and ice B28 natural water bodies, snow and ice terrestrial aquatic terrestrial aquatic 1) LCCS Dichotomous phase : A dichotomous key is used to define eight major LC types Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

  8. MACRO PATTERN LIFE FORM and COVER HEIGHT LEAF TYPE LEAF PHENOLOGY STRATIFICATION LAND FORM LITHOLOGY/SOILS EROSION CLIMATE ALTITUDE FLORISTIC ASPECT 2) LCCS Modular-Hierarchical phase For any major LC category, a set of diagnostic criteria, based on vegetation structure and physiognomy is applied pure land cover classifiers environmental attributes specific technical attributes i.e., set of classifiers for the major land cover type A12 (natural and semi-natural terrestrial vegetation)

  9. Annex I 1410 Annex I 7210 CLC3 4.2.1 - Salt marshes Annex I 1420 A24 A2.A6.A12.B4.C2.E5/B11.E6 Perennial closed tall grasslands on temporarily flooded land +environmental attributes A24 A1.A4.A12.B3.C2.D3./B10 Aphyllous closed dwarf shrubs on temporarily flooded land EUNIS D5.2 A24 A2.XX.A13.B4.C2.E5/B13.E7 Open annual short herbaceous vegetation on temporarily flooded land Annex I 1310

  10. Change codes for LCCS codes for change detection (EODHaM last stage) www.biosos.eu

  11. B15A12 B28B16 B15B28 • PEAK image 2009 • POST image 2010 • PEAK image 2012 • POST image 2012 Brussels, 18-19 November 2013

  12. Expert Knowledge Elicitation Phenology Agricultural Practices Wageningen, 22-23 May 2013

  13. LCLU and Habitat classes: water coverage for (semi) natural aquatic vegetated classes Le Cesine site (IT9150032), Italy www.biosos.eu

  14. Figure 3.3: Detail of the transect 2 Spatialtopological relations LCCS A24/A2.A5.E7 = aquatic vegetation, herbaceous forbs, annual LCCS A12/A2.A5.E7 = terrestrial vegetation, herbaceus forbs, annual Similar classes can be discriminated by spatial (topological) relationships • 1310 (in S) and 3170 (in L) belong to A24/A2.A5.E7 category, but • 1310 is adjacent to the lagoon (i.e., 1150 in D) • 1210 (in A) and E1.6 (in N), but • 1210 is adjacentto the sea Sea www.biosos.eu

  15. BIO_SOS achievements • The development of pre-operational automatic VHREO data processing techniques for: • LCLU maps and LCLU change maps at VHR • as an improvement of Copernicus core services. • (BIO_SOS poster_n1 at the GEO Italian corner) • The development of an ecological modelling frameworkat both habitat and landscape level to combine EO and in-situ data for: • Habitat (as GHC and Annex I) and habitat change mapping • Biodiversity indicator extraction for scenario analysis • as an extension of GMES/Copernicus downstream–services • (BIO_SOS poster_n2 at the GEO Italian corner) http://www.biosos.eu/

  16. EODHaM pre-operational system • Open source software • Object oriented LCCS environmental attributes/qualifiers Preliminary spectral maps LC maps GHC maps Annex 1 Landscape indicators Spectral indexes LCC maps Change maps Scenario analysis 3rd-stage GHC classification and Annex 1 Habitat map production 1st-stage preliminary spectral classification Expert knowledge: • Prior spectral class properties ; • LCCS and habitats class description (ontologies); • Landscape modelling Calibrated images 2nd -stage context-sensitive classification 16

  17. Earth Observation Data for Habitat Monitoring (EODHaM) sthrength The EODHaM system is particularly indicated for the automatic classification of LCLU and habitat classes in Natura 2000 sites and surrounds, where in-field campaigns for providing ground truth training data are not feasible: large or not accessible areas http://www.biosos.eu/

  18. Images Dataset: IT3_Murgia Alta site Peak of Biomass (April-May) PoB Post peak (October) PostPoB Pre Peak (January) PrePoB Dry Season (July) DS http://www.biosos.eu/

  19. Ancillary Data IT3 DTM EODHaMhas the option of including existing ancillary data Wageningen, 22-23 May 2013

  20. Small Objects (SO) vs Large Objects (LO) SO LO http://www.biosos.eu/

  21. Validation http://www.biosos.eu/

  22. 2nd stage: Output Products Target classes A12/A2.A6 Natural and semi-natural grassland • LCCS mapis the input to: • LCCS to GHC translation (PM8) • LCCS to Annex I translation (PM10) • LandscapeIndicatorsExtraction (PM14) A12/A1.D2.E1 Natural and semi-natural needleleaved evergreen trees or shurbs A12/A1.D1.E2 Natural and semi-natural broadleaved deciduous trees or shurbs http://www.biosos.eu/

  23. Natura 2000, IT9120007 • Murgia Alta site (IT): • fragmented • natural grassland area • WorldView2 , • RBG:572 • October 2011 • January 2012 • July 2012 • Classified image in FAO-LCCS taxonomy a) b) natural grasslands (A12/A2.A6E6) cultivated herbaceous graminoids (A11/A3.A4) cultivated herbaceous annual mixed (A11/A3) www.biosos.eu c) d)

  24. 3rd stage: LCCs to GHC translation http://www.biosos.eu/

  25. Diagram of rules for Woody GHC classes

  26. LCCS, Annex I and GHC habitat map: Le Cesine site (IT) GHC MAP: Entropy texture for height information GHC with LIDAR

  27. Service Portfolio at VHR • S1_LC/LU maps in FAO-LCCS taxonomy at VHR • S2_GHC maps • S3_Annex I maps • S4_Spectral Indices to be used for landscape modelling, such as: NDVI; WBI (species richness and abundance) • S5_ Context features to be used for landscape modelling, such as: entropy, texture features • S6_LCCS change map • S7_GHC change map • S8_ Annex I change map • S9_Landscape Indicators for scenario analysis http://www.biosos.eu/

  28. Service Portfolio for Murgia Alta (IT3) http://www.biosos.eu/

  29. Veluwe: GHC Classification

  30. EODHaM Site Service Definition Site specific customization of the service: Definition of the product set and delivery formats wanted Site specific configuration of the processing chain (Repeated) execution of the chain with (new) sets of input data: Selection/order of suitable input data Execution of the processing chain Product Delivery http://www.biosos.eu/

  31. Quickbird June 2009- 2.4 m In red: “Le Cesine” Habitat map: ANNEX 1 ed Eunis habitas Landuse map Domain specificworkflowcomposition http://www.biosos.eu/

  32. Butwhen to use? http://www.biosos.eu/

  33. Remember: it’saboutmonitoring EODHaM: EO Data for Habitat Monitoring Ideally: Setup once Use annually Not just every 6 years for the reporting towards EU… Ifyouwant to steeragainstchanges, youneed a higherfrequency! http://www.biosos.eu/

  34. Costcomponents EO Data Costmayvary (from 0 to 20€ / sqkm) due to differentsatellites, accesspolicies, … Site specificcustomization Involvement of experts (rulesets) Execution and Quality control Infrastructureprovision and supervision 10-15 Euros / sqkm (minimum 200 sqkm) http://www.biosos.eu/

  35. Recommendations for biodiversity monitoring • Regular acquisition of VHR EO data (pre-flush, peak-flush, post-flush) on Natura2000 sites as hotspots of biodiversity to detect changes (archive data!!!) • Clouded areas: • SAR-optical data integration • Sentinel constellation data acquired at high frequency to guarantee coverage in the most appropriate seasons in homogenous Northern Europe and in tropical areas • Accurate pre-processing including atmospheric corrections is required • LIDAR or stereo optical acquisitions for vegetation height measurement (CHM) and DTM. http://www.biosos.eu/

  36. Recommendations for biodiversity monitoring • To link the spatial and in-situ components based on modelling expertise for LCLU to Habitats conversion. • To produce validated LCLU maps in FAO-LCCS taxonomy or at least ground reference data in FAO-LCCS (not only in CORINE) • To train terrain managers more in the use and interpretation of EO derived products. http://www.biosos.eu/

  37. http://www.biosos.eu/ Last version: Benedetto Biagi (P1) Stefano Carito (P1), Previous version: Marion Borger (P4).

  38. Conclusions • High complementary with MsMONINA within GEO: • Data driven approach (Supervised Classifiers) • CORINE Taxonomy • Continuity with EBONE project (closed in 2012): • GHC mapping never provided from VHR data before www.biosos.eu

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