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Nutrition Security for the Poor

Nutrition Security for the Poor. Ahmad Kaikaus, PhD Additional Secretary Power Division 01 November, 2014. Bangladeshi Poor in 1971. Bangladesh Now:. Bangladesh Now:. Bangladesh Now:. Poverty Reduction in the Past Decade.

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Nutrition Security for the Poor

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  1. Nutrition Security for the Poor Ahmad Kaikaus, PhD Additional Secretary Power Division 01 November, 2014

  2. Bangladeshi Poor in 1971

  3. Bangladesh Now:

  4. Bangladesh Now:

  5. Bangladesh Now:

  6. Poverty Reduction in the Past Decade • Bangladesh made a remarkable record in reducing poverty in the past decade • Poverty incidence dropped from 49 percent in 2000 to 32 percent in 2010 • About 1.6 million people have escaped poverty every year since 2000 • Poverty rate declined modestly between 1995 and 2000, from 51 percent to 49 percent

  7. Households with Functioning Mobile Phone

  8. 10% increase in GNP/PC: 3-5% ↓ underweight Source: Haddad et al. 2002; in: Repositioning Nutrition, WB, 2006

  9. If we were to Wait for Income Growth Alone to Achieve the Nutrition MDG: • India would likely achieve the MDG in 2067 • (3% GDP/PC growth; income/underwt elasticity -0.3) • Bangladesh would achieve the MDG in 2044 • (6% GDP/PC growth; income/underwt elasticity -0.3) • Tanzania would achieve it in 2105 • (2.1% GDP/PC growth; income/underwt elasticity -0.3) Source: Repositioning Nutrition, WB, 2006

  10. Malnutrition in Bangladesh is much Higher than Expected, given its National Income IFPRI, Global Hunger Index, 2010

  11. Family Welfare Indicator:Percent of people living on less than PPP $1.25/day

  12. Food Energy (calorie) Deficient Households

  13. Food Energy (calorie) Share of Rice

  14. Trends in maternal and child undernutrition, 1996-2007 Source: BDHS data 1996-2007; Chart from HKI, Bangladesh

  15. Anemia & stunting among children 6-23 months old, by per capita expenditure quintile Stunting Anemia * % *** Expenditure quintiles Source: Alive & Thrive Baseline Survey 2010; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 Page 16

  16. Underlying factors matter for stunting: household food security and maternal education Maternal education Food security % stunted % stunted A&T Bangladesh Baseline Survey, 2010 Page 17

  17. As Bangladesh moves towards a National Nutrition Services approach for nutrition, specific attention is needed to:Address the high levels of anemia among infants and young children through targeted interventions such as micronutrient powders, iron supplements and/or fortificationAddress stunting among children through a multi-pronged approach that addresses maternal and household factors in addition to direct nutrition-specific interventions Policy considerations

  18. AGRICULTURE – NUTRITION - HEALTH HEALTH & NUTRITION BENEFITS AGRICULTURE THROUGH: AGRICULTURE BENEFITS NUTRITION + HEALTH THROUGH: Productivity Agriculture Livelihoods Income Risk taking Employment Education Nutrition Food security Cognition Dietary diversity Endurance Gender equity Physical strength Health AGRICULTURE POSES RISKS: Water-related diseases Food-borne diseases Zoonotic diseases

  19. Conceptual Framework Health Prevention , Control of Ag- Associated Diseases Component 3 Enhancing Nutrition along the Value Chain Component 1 • Integrated Programs and Policies • Component 4 Biofortification Component 2 Nutrition Agriculture Social Behavior Change and Communications All components Availability, access, intake of nutritious, safe foods Knowledge of nutrition, food safety Labor productivity Income and gender equity Risk of AAD RESULT: A better nourished, healthier population, esp. mothers and children < 2

  20. Policy Implications • Agriculture alone will not improve nutrition fast enough • We have opportunities and examples of success on how to bridge the agriculture-nutrition divide • We have challenges • Our biggest challenge AND opportunity is to work together - cross-sectorally (how?) • We need to do much better at documenting successes – and failures; we need the evidence for advocacy, to stimulate investments • In Bangladesh we have a momentum, new initiatives, committed government and donors, experienced NGOs, strong research community and partners

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