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TECH GUIDE ONE

TECH GUIDE ONE. Computer Hardware. What is hardware?. Hardware. Computer Hierarchy. Supercomputers Mainframe Computers Midrange Computers Microcomputers Workstations Desktop Computers Thin-client Laptops/Notebooks Netbooks/Tablets. Hardware consists of:. Input technologies

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TECH GUIDE ONE

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  1. TECH GUIDE ONE Computer Hardware

  2. What is hardware? Hardware

  3. Computer Hierarchy • Supercomputers • Mainframe Computers • Midrange Computers • Microcomputers • Workstations • Desktop Computers • Thin-client • Laptops/Notebooks • Netbooks/Tablets

  4. Hardware consists of: • Input technologies • Output technologies • Central processing unit (CPU) • Primary storage • Secondary storage • Communication technologies (covered later)

  5. Various Human Input Devices Trackball Pointing Stick Digital Pen Web Camera Bluetooth Laser Virtual Keyboard Wii The Maltron Keyboard

  6. Output Technologies • Output generated by a computer can be transmitted to the user over several output devices and media, which include: • Monitors • Printers • Audio/Speakers • Etc.

  7. Output Technologies: Monitors • Measured diagonally (15”, 19”, etc.) • Screen resolution – amount of pixels (or dots) that can be displayed • More pixels = clearer picture, better quality • Measured width x height • Values range from 640 x 480 to 2000 x 1600 • Currently common: 1024 x 768

  8. Output Technologies: Printers • Measured by: • dpi – dots per inch, more = higher quality • ppm – pages per minute, more = faster • Types: • Dot matrix printer (performs like typewriter) • Inkjet Printers (~1000 dpi, 4-12 ppm) • Use actual ink on pages • Laser Printers (~1200 dpi, 8-32 ppm) • Use toner that is heated and bonded to the pages

  9. Central Processing Unit (CPU) Central processing unit (CPU) • Measured in GHz Microprocessor • Control unit • Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) • Registers A Central Processing Unit

  10. How the CPU Works

  11. Advances in Microprocessor Design Moore’s Law: microprocessor complexity would double every two years.

  12. Computer Memory Two basic categories of computer memory: • Primary Storage • Secondary Storage Evolution of Man and Storage

  13. Hierarchy of Memory Capacity • Bit • Byte • Kilobyte • Megabyte • Gigabyte • Terabyte • Petabyte • Exabyte • Zettabyte

  14. Main Types of Primary Storage • Registers • Random access memory (RAM) • Cache memory • Read-only memory (ROM)

  15. Primary Storage RAM Register Cache

  16. Secondary Storage Memory capacity that can store very large amounts of data for extended periods of time. • Magnetic tape (sequential access) • Magnetic disks (direct access) • Optical storage (uses lasers) • Flash memory

  17. Types of Secondary Storage Secondary storage then…. Magnetic Cartridges (400MB) Floppy Disks (up to 1.44 MB) Paper Tape used for data storage 17

  18. Types of Secondary Storage Secondary storage now…. Flash memory devices and thumb drives (GBs) Optical Storage (CD – 700 MB, DVD – 4.7 GB) External Hard Drives (TBs) 18

  19. Primary vs Secondary Memory

  20. Considerations for general PCs • Processor Speed (CPU) - Measured in GigaHertz (GHz), minimum: 2.4-3 GHz • RAM – measured in GigaBytes (GB), minimum: 4GB • More RAM = More programs you can run at the same time. • Hard Drive Capacity – measured in GigaBytes (GB), standard: 80-500GB • Monitors – measured in inches and resolution • Printers – measures in dpi and ppm

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