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Ch. 10—Agriculture

Ch. 10—Agriculture . KI 2: Where are agricultural regions in LDCS?. Shifting Cultivation. Practiced in world’s humid low-latitudes (rainforests of South America, Central and West Africa, Southeast Asia)

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Ch. 10—Agriculture

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  1. Ch. 10—Agriculture KI 2: Where are agricultural regions in LDCS?

  2. Shifting Cultivation • Practiced in world’s humid low-latitudes (rainforests of South America, Central and West Africa, Southeast Asia) • Sometimes called “slash and burn agriculture”—farmers clear land for planting by slashing vegetation and burning debris • Grow crops in new field for only a few years and then leave it alone to allow nutrients to recover • Generally practiced in small villages

  3. Process of Shifting Cultivation • Clear area (swidden) • Prepare with hand tools • Fertilizer from burning debris left over • Land will support crops for about 3 years • Land is then dormant for 6-20 years • Most common crops are: • Rice—Southeast Asia • Corn—South America • Millet and Sorghum—Africa

  4. Future of Shifting Cultivation • Shifting cultivation is being replaced by logging, cattle ranching, and cultivation of cash crops • Can only support a small population, very inefficient agriculture • LDCs are being pressured to stop shifting cultivation in an effort to prevent deforestation

  5. Pastoral Nomadism • Form of subsistence agriculture based on the herding of domesticated animals • Dry climates—planting crops is impossible • Central and Southwest Asia, North Africa • About 15 million people • Sparsely occupy 20% of Earth’s land area

  6. Ct’d • Animals provide milk, skins and hair can be used for clothing and shelter • Consume mostly grain • Animals not eaten unless they die • Choice of Animals • Culture and physical environment • Camels well suited to arid climates (North Africa, Southwest Asia) • Sheep and goats also common • Declining form of agriculture—modern technologies making it obsolete

  7. Intensive Subsistence agriculture • Farmers work intensively on small areas of land—usually in densely populated areas—most work is done by hand • Waste no land • Wet rice—planting rice on dry land, then moving seedlings to flooded field to promote growth • Most important agriculture in Southeast Asia

  8. Ct’d • Climate prevents some farmers from growing wet rice • Interior of India and Northeast China • Wheat and barley most important crops and most common • Crop rotation is often utilized to maximize production—rotate crops from field to field to avoid exhausting the soil

  9. Plantation farming • Commercial agriculture in tropics and subtropics • Generally situated in LDCs but owned by Europeans or North Americans—grow crops to sell to MDCs • Specialize in one or two crops—common crops are cotton, sugarcane, coffee, rubber, tobacco, cocoa, bananas, tea, coconuts, palm oil • Used to be common in United States—why not today? Pg. 322

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