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Figure 16.44: Behavior of a liquid in a closed container

Figure 16.44: Behavior of a liquid in a closed container. Figure 16.47: The number of molecules in a liquid with a given energy versus kinetic energy at two temperatures. Figure 16.48: The vapor pressure of water, ethanol, and diethyl ether as a function of temperature.

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Figure 16.44: Behavior of a liquid in a closed container

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  1. Figure 16.44: Behavior of a liquid in a closed container

  2. Figure 16.47: The number of molecules in a liquid with a given energy versus kinetic energy at two temperatures.

  3. Figure 16.48: The vapor pressure of water, ethanol, and diethyl ether as a function of temperature.

  4. Figure 16.55: The phase diagram for water

  5. Figure 16.55: The phase diagram for water

  6. oK A liquid with ΔHvap=8.3145 J/mol boils on earth at 26.8 oC What is its boiling point on planet X with a pressure of 0.1 atmosphere?

  7. Figure 16.57: The phase diagram for water

  8. Figure 16.50: The heating curve for a given quantity of water where energy is added at a constant rate. Let’s heat 5 grams of water from -20 oC to +150 OC This takes 5 steps

  9. STEP 1: HEATING the ice: Specific heat capacity, sice = 2.1 J/g.oC Energy to raise 1 gram 1 degree q1 = 2.1 J/g.oC x 5 g x 20 oC = 210 J

  10. STEP 2: MELTING the ice: Heat of fusion, ΔHfus = 6.01 kJ/mol q2 = 6.01x103 J/mol x 5 g x (1mol/18.02g) = 1651 J

  11. STEP 3: HEATING the water: Specific heat capacity, swater = 4.2 J/g.oC Energy to raise 1 gram 1 degree q3 = 4.2 J/g.oC x 5 g x 100 oC = 2100 J

  12. STEP 4: VAPORIZING the water: Heat of vaporization, ΔHvap = 40.7 kJ/mol q4 = 40.7x103 J/mol x 5 g x (1mol/18.02g) = 11181 J

  13. STEP 5: HEATING the steam: Specific heat capacity, ssteam = 2.0 J/g.oC Energy to raise 1 gram 1 degree q5 = 2.0 J/g.oC x 5 g x 50 oC = 500 J

  14. Qtotal = q1 + q2 + q3 + q4 + q5

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