Language Structures

1. Language Structures Dialogue I Dialogue II Reading I Reading II Guided Writing Interaction Activities Listening Practice

2. LSP LS 1 3 2 4

3. LSP LS See the following sentences and find out the grammar rules they use: • If it rains tomorrow, we will have topostpone our sports meeting. • If I were a teacher, I would teachmaths. • If you had carbon paper, I could doit. • Dickwould do well if he workedhard.

4. LSP 条件句可分为真实（real）和非真实（unreal）两种 真实条件句 I 型 1) If you heat ice, it melts. 表普遍真理和客观事实 2) If I make a promise, I keep it. 表示现在习惯动作。 3) If it rained, I went to work by car. 表过去习惯动作 真实条件句 II 型 1) 基本形式 If we catch the 10 o’clock train, we shall (will, can, may) get there by lunch-time. If it is fine tomorrow, we can have a picnic somewhere. If you wake up before me, give me a call.

5. LSP 2) 变体形式 If it should rain again, the flowers will bloom. If he should fail to come, ask Philip to work in his place. 不管人称与数，一律使用should＋不定式表示一种不太肯定的婉转口气，并不影响条件的真实性。 非真实条件句 I 型 一般形式 1) If we caught the 10 o’clock train, we would (could, might) get there by lunch-time. (可能性不大) 2) If I came into a fortune, I would give up working. （几乎不可能） 3) If I knew how it worked, I could tell you what to do. (与现在事实相反)

6. LSP • 非真实条件句 I 型 变体形式 • 1) If we were to miss the 10 o’clock train, we wouldn’t get there till after lunch. • If our train were to arrive punctually, we should have time to visit your sister. • 非真实条件句 II型 基本形式 • If we had caught the 10 o’clock train, we would have got there by lunch-time. • We would / could / might have called you if we had known your telephone number. • 表示与过去事实相反的情况

7. LSP 非真实条件句 II型 变体形式 If you were to have asked me, I would have been only too willing to help. If you were to have explained your problem to me, I would have been able to help you.

8. LSP 1 LSP I Making an assumption about an event which is likely to happen Practice following conversations: A: Do you think it will rain tomorrow? B: (It is quite likely that it will.) A: if it rains, we’ll have to postpone our sports meeting. B: (Yes, we’ll have to do that if it rains.)

9. LSP LSP II Making an assumption about one’s wish under a condition contrary to the fact 2 Practice following conversations: A: Are you a teacher? B: (No, I’m a doctor.) A: What would you teach if you were a teacher? B: (I would teach maths.)

10. LSP LSP IIIExpressing regret and making an assumption about something done under a condition contrary to the present fact 3 Practice following conversations: 1) A: (Can you make some duplicates of this letter, please?) B: Yes, if you have carbon paper. A: (But I haven’t got any.) B: It’s a pity. If you had carbon paper, I could do it. 2) A: Would you mind making some duplicates of this letter? B: (Not at all, but I’ve run out of carbon paper.) A: I’m sorry I haven’t got any, either. B: (Well, if Betty were here, she would know where to get some carbon paper. Then I could do it for you.)

11. LSP Language points for LSP III: duplicate 1. to copy something exactly e.g. New copies of the form can be duplicated from a master copy. The video had been duplicated illegally. 2.to repeat something in exactly the same way We don't want staff to duplicate each other's work. n. duplication

12. LSP Language points for LSP III: pump a machine for forcing liquid or gas into or out of something water/air/beer etc pump (=for moving water, air etc) hand/foot pump (=operated by your hand or foot) petrol pump/gas pump (=for putting petrol into cars) stomach pump (=for removing the contents of someone's stomach)

13. LSP LSP IVMaking an assumption about something done under a condition contrary to the present fact 4 Practice following conversations: • 1) A: Does Dick do well? • B: (No, he doesn’t. He doesn’t work hard enough.) • A: If he worked hard, would he do well? • B: (Yes, I’m sure he would.) • 2) A: (Dick does quite well at school, doesn’t he?) • B: No, I’m afraid not. • A: (Why doesn’t he?) • B: He doesn’t work hard enough. • A: (Would he do better if he worked hard) • B: Oh, yes, I think he would.

14. D I Dialogue I If I Had the Chance to Travel in Space Working in pairs, discuss the following questions: • What are the nine planets in the solar system? • Do you know Mr. Yang Liwei’s travel in space and China’s first spacewalk? • Which planet would you go to if you had a chance? What would you take with you during your trip to that planet? Who would you invite to take the trip with you?

15. D I

16. D I Our solar system consists of an average star we call the Sun, the planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. It includes: the satellites of the planets; numerous comets, asteroids, and meteoroids; and the interplanetary medium. The Sun is the richest source of electromagnetic energy (mostly in the form of heat and light) in the solar system.

17. D I

18. D I

19. D I 3, Dec. 2008

20. D I Dialogue I If I Had the Chance to Travel in Space Listening to the recording and answer the questions on specific details of this dialogue • What is the interview about? • Who are the two speakers? • Can you repeat some of the questions being asked? • How to ask and answer questions in interview?

21. D I Dialogue I If I Had the Chance to Travel in Space Read the dialogue loudly in pairs and find out useful expressions in the text.

22. D I Dialogue I If I Had the Chance to Travel in Space Language points 1. It’s been my long-cherished dream to be able visit the planets. It has been a dream that has been kept in my mind for a long time. cherish 1.if you cherish something, it is very important to you e.g. He was a man who cherished his privacy. I still cherish the memory of that day. cherish a hope / an idea / a dream etc 2. to love someone or something very much and take care of them well e.g. In marriage, a man promises to cherish his wife. his most cherished possession

23. D I Dialogue I If I Had the Chance to Travel in Space Language points 2. Although I could not leave my “name” there, I would certainly leave my footprints on the moon, anyway. Although I could not be famous for the visit, I would certainly leave my footprints on the moon, anyway. 3. Mercury,Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto When we speak of these planets, no article is used. However, if we use the word planet before the proper names, the definite article is placed before the word planet, eg. the planet Jupiter, the planet Neptune.

24. D I Dialogue I If I Had the Chance to Travel in Space Language points 4. I will definitely spare Uranus, Neptune and Pluto in my schedule. I will certainly not include Uranus, Neptune and Pluto in my schedule. Spare 1. GIVE e.g. Sorry, I can't spare the time. I'd like you to come over when you can spare a couple of hours. spare somebody ten minutes/an hour etc e.g. Could you possibly spare me a few moments in private (=used to ask someone if they have time to quickly talk to you) ?

25. D I Dialogue I If I Had the Chance to Travel in Space Language points 4. I will definitely spare Uranus, Neptune and Pluto in my schedule. 2. spare no expense / effort to spend as much money or do everything necessary to make something really good or successful spare no expense/effort to do something No expense was spared in developing the necessary technology. No effort will be spared to bring the people responsible to justice.

26. D I Dialogue I If I Had the Chance to Travel in Space Language points 5.It’s very ambitious of us to come up with the idea of touring around the solar system. We are full of ambition to think of the idea of traveling around the solar system. ambitious 1.determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc e.g. Alfred was intensely ambitious, obsessed with the idea of becoming rich. ambitious for : mothers who are highly ambitious for their children (=who want their children to be successful)

27. D I Dialogue I If I Had the Chance to Travel in Space Language points 5.It’s very ambitious of us to come up with the idea of touring around the solar system. 2. an ambitious plan, idea etc shows a desire to do something good but difficult e.g. An ambitious engineering project an over-ambitious health reform program ambitiously adverb ambitiousness noun [uncountable]

28. D I Dialogue I If I Had the Chance to Travel in Space Retell Use no more than 50 words to retell the dialogue based on the dialogue.

29. D I Dialogue I If I Had the Chance to Travel in Space Role Play: I’d Make a Trip to Mars Roles: Zeng-interested in making a trip to Mars; Duan-curious about Mars. She goes to Zeng for more information. Situation: A dialogue on Mars. Use sentences in Page 100, and make full use of your imagination and creativity.

30. D II Dialogue II Future Plans and Intentions, Part I Listen to the Dialogue How to inquire about a person’s future plans How to state definite plans How to state things you’re thinking about or tentative plans How to state conditional plans How to speculate about possible events

31. R I Reading I How Far Is the Sun form the Earth Discussing following statements “If there were no sun, nothing could exist on the earth. Have you ever imagined the distance between the sun and the earth? Suppose you lived with your parents in New York and you wanted to visit your grandmother in Philadelphia. You should be on the train for nearly an hour and a half. If you took a million trips to your grandmother’s, your would have traveled as far as from the earth to the sun.”

32. R I Reading I How Far Is the Sun form the Earth Go over the text in 5 minutes and tell true or false of the following statements. • For years and years, astronomers have been trying to find the distance from the earth to the sun with no result. • The sun is over nine million miles away from the earth. • It would take the jet airliner 15 years non-stop to reach the sun. • You can finish the journey from the earth to the sun in the electric train, but you will feel very tired when you reach the sun. • Someone set off to the sun in an aircraft carrier when Washington became president of the United States. • This passage gives us the impression that the sun can hardly be reached. F F T F F T

33. R I 1英里 =1.60931公里 =1609.31米 1英尺=30.48厘米 1英寸=2.54厘米 =304.8毫米 1码＝3英尺＝0.9914米 1盎司 = 28.35 克 1加仑 = 4.5461 升

34. R I Reading I How Far Is the Sun form the Earth Organization The text is well-organized through the use of three questions: 1. How far is the sun from the earth? 2. Can you imagine how far away that is? 3. Have you ever thought that the sun was as far away from us as that? Means of transportation Speed per hour Time spent Jet airliner 700 miles 15 years Electric train 110 miles Nearly 100 years Aircraft carrier 40 miles Over 200 years

35. GW Guided Writing Note of congratulation Working in two or three, combine some of the sentences together, and then put the sentences in good order. See textbook, page 105

36. IA Interaction Activities If I Were a Shop Assistant .

37. Listening Dictation Spelling (Workbook P. 44)

38. Listening Dictation Spelling (Workbook P. 5)

39. Listening Dictation A Passage dictation

40. D I The sun and all the bodies which circle it in space make up the solar system. We live on one of the nine planets that revolve around the sun. Nearest the sun is Mercury, the smallest of the planets. Then come Venus, the Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. The distance across the solar system is about 13,000 million kilometres. To get a rough idea of the sizes of the planets, we can think of Mercury as a small seed, Venus and the Earth as peas, Mars an orange pip, Jupiter an orange, Saturn a smaller orange, Uranus and Neptune large cherries, and Pluto as another small seed. On this scale the sun would be a ball 600 millimetres across, and the Earth would be 65 metres from the sun.

41. Listening Dictation B Passage dictation

42. D I If the sun and earth could stand still, and if a road could be built between them. It would be a long one! Walking 4 miles per hour, day and night, we should reach the sun in 2, 635 years. Traveling along the same road in a racing automobile at 300 miles per hour, we should get to the sun in about 35.5 years. Sound travels through the air at the rate of about 12 miles per minute. If the sun were to explode, we could not hear any noise, for there is no air to carry sound during the greater part of the distance between the sun and the earth. If there were air all the way, the sound would reach the earth in about 14 years.

43. D I If the sun exploded, however, there would be no one alive on the earth at the end of 14 years. All people would have died from heat or other causes soon after the explosion. Radio waves travel at the same speed as light, and air is not needed to take them from place to place. If a broadcasting station on the sun could send radio waves to the earth, we should hear the programme about eight and one-third minutes after it was sent forth.

44. Listening Listening Comprehension Workbook P.87