Eng 105- writing chapter 5 from paragraph to essay

1. Eng 105- writingchapter 5fromparagraphtoessay WEEK 10&11&12

2. Expandingtheparagraph • A paragraph has threeparts : a topicsentence, supportingsentencesand a concludingsentence. • Look at the model paragraph 1 on page 81. • Whenyouwanttowriteabout a topic in moredetail , you can turnyourparagraphinto an essay. • Similarto a paragraph, an essay has threesections. • Thesesectionsareintroductoryparagraph, the body (supportingparagraph), andtheconcludingparagraph. • Look at the model essay on page 81 & 82

3. Nowlook at thediagram on page 83 toseehow a paragraph is expandedinto an essay. • Thetopicsentence of theparagraphbecomesthethesisstatement of theessay, whichcomes at theend of theintroductoryparagraph • Thesupportingsentences of theparagraphexpandintothreedifferentparagraphs in theessay. • Eachmajorsupportinganditsminorpointsbecomeone body paragraph in theessay. • Theconcludingsentence is madeinto a concludingparagraph.

4. Introductoryparagraph • Theintroductoryparagraph is thefirstparagraph of an essay. • It has twofunctions: 1. Itattractsthereader’sinterest, and 2. it introducesthetopic of theessay. • Thereareseveralkinds of introductoryparagraph. Hereyouwilllearnthreekinds of introductoryparagraph. • Firstone is funnelor general tospecificintroductoryparagraphs. • Thisintroduction has twoparts: general statementsandthesisstatement.

5. The general statementgivesthereader background informationaboutthetopic of theessay. • Theyshouldleadyourreadergraduallyfrom a very general idea of yourtopicto a veryspecific idea. • Thefirst general statement in a funnelintroductionjustintroducesthetopic. • Theneachsentencethatfollowsthefirstsentencebecomesmoreandmorefocused on a specifictopic. • Thethesisstatement is thelastsentence of theintroductoryparagraph. It has threepurposes: • Itstatesthetopic of theessay • Itmaylistthesubtopics of themain idea • Itmayalsomentionthemethod of organization

6. Look at thesampleintroductoryparagraph on page 85. • Thefirstsentenceattractsthereader’sinterestwith a shortsentence; it alsonamesthe general topic (music) • Thesecondsentencesayseachculture has itsownkinds of music • Thenexttwosentencesnarrowthe general topic (music) to a morespecificone (popular music) andmention taht it has manystyles • The final sentence , thethesisstatement, specificallynamesthethreestylesto be discussed in the body paragrahs: reggae, punk, and rap. • Practice 1 , Page 85.

7. Anothertype of introductoryparagraph is anecdote. • An anecdote is a briefstorythatillustratesyourtopic. • In a personalanecdote, youtell a storyaboutyourownexperiencesthatarerelevanttothethesis. • In a thirdpersonanecdote, youtell a storyaboutsomeone else. • You can baseyourstory on a realpersonoryou can make it up.

8. Thelasttype of introductoryparagraph is historicalparagraphs. • Youmayalsochoosetowrite a briefhistoricalintroductiontoyouressay. • You do not needtogive a detailedhistoricalinformation • Just a summaryormaineventsrelatedtothetopic can be written. • Practice 2 , Page 87

9. Guidelinesforintroductoryparagraphs • Thereareseveralguidelinesfor a goodintroductoryparagraph: • Itmust be relevanttothetopic; that is, it should not introducematerial not covered in theessay. • Itshould not givedetailedinformationaboutthemainideas of theessay. • Thereshould be at leasttwosentencesbeforethethesisstatement. • Thethesisstatementshouldcome at theend of theintroductoryparagraph. • Practice 3, Page 88

10. Thethesisstatement • Thethesisstatement is themostimportantsentence in an essay. • Itcontainsthemain idea forthewholeessay. • The body paragraphs in an essaymustsupportthethesisstatement in an essay. • Practice 4, Page 90-91

11. Parts of a thesisstatement • Like a topicsentence, a thesisstatement has twomainparts: a topicand a controlling idea. • Thetopic: thesubject of theessay, orwhattheessay is about • Thecontrolling idea: whatyouaregoingto say aboutthetopic • Topic is more general andyou can havemanycontrollingideasfor a topic. • Forexample, thetopic : the sense of smell • Forme it is the sense of smellratherthanthe sense of tastethatbringsbackhappymemories (controlling idea) • The sense of smellis muchstronger in dogsthan it is in humans(controlling idea) • Manyscientistsbelievethatthe sense of smellis themost basic of allthesenses in humans(controlling idea).

12. Thepredictor • Somethesisstatementsmayalsohave a thirdcomponentcalled a predictor. • Thepredictor of a thesisstatement can tellthereaderhowmany body paragraphstherewill be in theessay. Forexample: • Blindnessrequires a heighteneddevelopment of theothersenses, especiallytouchandhearing. • Inthisthesisstatement, thetopic is blindness. • Thecontrolling idea is that it requires a heighteneddevelopment of theothersenses. • Thethirdpart of thethesisstatementliststhetwosenses : touchandhearing • This is calledthepredictorbecause it predictsthenumberandcontent of theessayparagraphs. • Practice 5 & 6, Page 92

13. More on thesisstatements • A thesisstatementmust be a statement, not a question. Not a thesisstatement: Is living in a cityadvantageous? ThesisStatement: Living in a city is advantageous? • A thesisstatementmust be a completesentence. Not a thesisstatementMusic: thefood of love ThesisstatementMusic is thefood of love • A thesisstatement is an opinionorshowsintent: it can not be a simplestatement of fact. Not a thesisstatementDogshave a sense of smell ThesisstatementDogsusetheirkeen sense of smell in manyways

14. A thesisstatementmuststatethecontrolling idea. Not a thesisstatementThisessay is about Helen Keller ThesisstatementBothblindanddeaf, Helen Keller learnedtocommunicatethroughtouchalone. • A thesisstatementshouldhaveonlyonecontrolling idea. Not a thesisstatementMycousin has an excellent sense of pitch, andshe is also a famousdancer. ThesisstatementMycousin’sexcellent sense of pitch has made her an accomplishedmusician. • Practice 7&8&9, Pages 94-98

15. Body paragraphs • The body of an essay is made of oneormoreparagraphs. • Each body paragraph has a topicsentenceandseveralsupportingsentences. • Itmayormay not have a concludingsentence. • Each body paragraphsupportsthethesisstatement. • Look at thetopicsentences of body paragraphs in model essay. • Thetopicsentence of each body paragraphintroducesonestyle of popular music. • Thesupportingsentencesfollowingeachtopicsentencegivemoreinformationabouteachstyle. • Practice 10 ,11&12, Page 100,102

16. Transitionsbetweenparagraphs • Usingtransitionsignals is importanttoshowtheconnectionbetweenideaswithin a paragraph. • It is alsoimportanttousetransitionsignalsbetweenparagraphstoshowhowoneparagraph is relatedtoanother. • Transitionsignals can tellyourreaderifthetopic of thenextparagraphfollowsthesameline of thoughtorreversesdirection. • Inadditiontocostingmoneyforspecialfood, faddiets… • On theotherhand, faddietsworkforsomepeople…

19. Theconcludingparagraph • Theconcludingparagraph is thelastparagraph of an essay. It has threepurposes: • Itsignalstheend of theessay • Itremindsthereader of yourmainpoints • Itleavesthereaderwithyour final thoughts on thetopic. • Readthesampleconcludingparagraph on page 107 andnoticehowthewriteraccomplishesthreepurposes: • ThetransitionphraseInshortsignalstheend of theessay • Itsummarizesthequalities of Mr. Smith • Itgives a final comment: Mr. Smithinspiredstudentstolovelearning.

20. Parts of a concludingparagraph • A concludingparagraphconsists of • A summary of thepointsmade in your body paragraphs • A restatement of thethesisstatement • A final comment on yourtopic • Youmaychooseone of thesewaystoendyouressayoryourmaychoosetwoorthree. • Warning: Do not introducenewinformationaboutthetopic of theessay. • New informationshould be in the body part of theessay, not in theconcludingparagraph.

21. 1. SummaryConcludingParagraphs • Onewaytoendyouressay is tosummarizeitsmainpoints. • Youneedtoincludethemainpoint of each body paragraph. • Yourconclusionwon’t be completeifyouleaveonepointout. • Practice 14, Page 108

22. 2. RestatementConcludingParagraphs • An alternativeto a summary is a restatement of the idea of yourthesisstatement. • Look at the model paragrah 1 on page 109. 3. Final CommentConcludingParagraph • Adding final commentstosummaryorrestatementconcludingparagraphs is an effectiveway. • A final comment can make a concludingparagraphmorepersonal. • It can alsoinvitereaderstothinkabouthowtheessay is directlyrelatedtotheirlives. • Look at themodealparagraph 2 on page 109. • Practice 15&16&17, Page 109-113