EAP 1540C Advanced Composition 1

1. EAP 1540CAdvanced Composition 1 Professor: J Thomson

2. Meeting 4 – Welcome to Class EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Today’s objectives: • Review Chapters 18, 19, and 20 • Take the quiz • Review the syllabus and editing buddy groups • Learn about faulty parallel structure • Learn about verb tenses (present and past) • Learn about past participles

3. Meeting 4 – Warm up/Review EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Sign in for attendance. Turn in HW 3. • Review for Quiz 3: • What is a subordinating conjunction? Give an example. • What is a fragment? Give an example. • What is a dependent clause? Give an example. • What is an independent clause? Give an example. • Join the following question and statement together. Use appropriate embedded question structure. • I don’t know. When does the post office close? • Correct the following run-on sentence. • Mika went to Greece she took a lot of pictures.

4. Meeting 4 – Quiz 3 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Complete the quiz. Don’t forget to put your name on the form. • When you finish, turn it in to the instructor. • Open your book and review chapter 21. • Duration: 20 minutes

5. Meeting 4 – Review EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Review and update the syllabus • Review editing buddy groups • Get into groups • What is the purpose of the group? What is each group member’s role? Why is Prof. Skelton punishing us by making us talk to strangers?!

6. Meeting 4 – Group Activity EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Group activity: Rotating Writers! • Each member of the group draws a topic from the envelope. • Using the topic you drew, write an introductory sentence to a paragraph. Remember to use proper line spacing and paragraph formatting. • After you have written the introductory sentence, move to the computer to your right and continue your group member’s paragraph. • Continue in this pattern until you have written at least one sentence in each paragraph. • You may have to write two sentences in order to complete the five-sentence paragraph!

7. Meeting 4 – Group Activity EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Group activity: Rotating Writers! • Open Microsoft Word. • Change the paragraph format to double-spaced before starting. • Right click on the mouse. • Select “Paragraph” from the menu. • Find the box next to “Line Spacing”. • Click on the drop-down menu and select “Double”. • Click “OK” and begin your paragraph. • Don’t forget your heading and title!

8. Meeting 4 – Writer’s Checklist EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 Did you remember to… • put the heading at the top of the page (name, course, assignment, date)? • double space the paragraph? • put the title above the paragraph and underline it? • indent the first line (five spaces) of the paragraph (and any subsequent paragraphs)? • capitalize the beginning letter of sentences and proper nouns? • use correct punctuation and spelling? • use correct grammar and vocabulary?

9. Meeting 4 – Chapter 21 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Topic: Faulty Parallel Structure • Theme: Psychology • Homework (HW 4): pg. 331 –The Writer’s Desk • Write a short paragraph comparing your personality to that of a family member or friend. Describe how your personalities are similar and different.

10. Meeting 4 – Chapter 21 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • What is parallel structure? • Parallel structure occurs when pairs or groups of items in a sentence are balanced. EX:Internet sites, magazines, and newspapers published the results of the experiment. (The nouns are parallel.) EX: Psychologists observe and predict human behavior. (The present tenses are parallel.) EX: The experiment was fascinating, groundbreaking, and revolutionary. (The adjectives are parallel.) EX: To get to the psychology department, go across the street, into the building and up the stairs. (The prepositional phrases are parallel.)

11. Meeting 4 – Chapter 21 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Identify faulty parallel structure: • It is important to use parallel structure when using a series of words or phrases. • Use parallel structure when words or phrases are joined in a series. Not parallel: I plan to study for tests, to attend all classes, and listening to the instructor. Parallel: I plan to study for tests, to attend all classes, and to listen to the instructor. (The verbs are parallel.)

12. Meeting 4 – Chapter 21 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Identify faulty parallel structure: • It is important to use parallel structure when using paired clauses. • Use parallel structure when independent clauses are joined by and,but, or or. Not parallel: She felt dizzy, and she also had a feeling of fear. Parallel: She felt dizzy, and she also felt afraid. (The adjectives are parallel.)

13. Meeting 4 – Chapter 21 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Identify faulty parallel structure: • It is important to use parallel structure when using comparisons. • Use parallel structure in comparisons containing than or as. Not parallel: His home was as messy as the way he kept his laboratory. Parallel: His home was as messy as his laboratory. (The nouns are parallel.)

14. Meeting 4 – Chapter 21 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Identify faulty parallel structure: • It is important to use parallel structure when using two-part constructions. • Use parallel structure for the following paired items: • either…or; neither…nor; not…but; not only…but also; both…and; rather…than Not parallel: I would rather finish my experiment than leaving early. Parallel: I would rather finish my experiment than leave early. (The verbs are parallel.)

15. Meeting 4 – Chapter 21 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Let’s practice! • Look at Practice 4 on page 336. • Work with a partner. • Correct nine errors in parallel construction.

16. Meeting 4 – Chapter 21 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Let’s review! • What is parallel structure? • Why is parallel structure important?

17. Meeting 4 – Chapter 22 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Topic: Present and Past Tenses • Theme: Espionage • Alternative homework (HW 4): pg. 340 –The Writer’s Desk • Write a short paragraph describing the last spy or suspense movie that you have seen. Describe what happened in the movie.

18. Meeting 4 – Chapter 22 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • What is verb tense? • A verb shows an action or a state of being. • Flashback! What are the two types of main verbs? • A verb tense indicates when an action occurred. Present time: She works alone. Past time: The agent worked in Monaco last summer. Future: She will work in the Middle East next year.

19. Meeting 4 – Chapter 22 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Let’s check out the book! • Open the book to Appendix 3 for a quick guide to verb tenses. • But wait, there’s more! • Use Appendices 4, 5, and 6 to help you review past material. • Also, use appendix 7 to keep track of common spelling and grammatical errors. Use it to keep a log of new vocabulary terms as well!

20. Meeting 4 – Chapter 22 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Identify the simple present tense: • There are two forms of the present tense in English. • The simple present tense indicates that an action is a general fact or habitual activity. Fact: The Spy Museum contains many interesting artifacts of espionage. Habitual Activity: The undercover agent meets her superiors once a month.

21. Meeting 4 – Chapter 22 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Identify the present progressive tense: • The present progressive tense indicates that an action is in progress at this moment. EX: Right now, the agent is talking to an informant on the telephone. She’s gathering important intelligence on her target.

22. Meeting 4 – Chapter 22 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Compare the simple present and present progressive: EX: The agent always uses her high-tech camera to take pictures of her targets. simple present EX: Right now, the agent is taking pictures with her high-tech camera. present progressive

23. Meeting 4 – Chapter 22 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Identify forms of the simple present: • The base form is the form of the verb without any endings (e.g. –s, -ing, -ed). • It is used for the subjects I, you, we or they or the equivalent forms. EX: Nations rely on spies to gather secret information. EX: Many agents speak several languages.

24. Meeting 4 – Chapter 22 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Identify forms of the simple present: • The third-person singular form is used with the subjects he, she, it, or the equivalent. • Add an –s or –esending to the verb (depending on the spelling rules). EX: James Bond works as a spy. EX: He goes to great lengths to find his target.

25. Meeting 4 – Chapter 22 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Irregular present tense verbs: • Be and have Present Tense of Be I am He is You are She is We are It is They are Present Tense of Have I have He has You have She has We have It has They have

26. Meeting 4 – Chapter 22 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Subject-verb agreement: • The subject and the verb must agree in number and tense at all times. • If the subject is third-person singular present tense (he, she, it), the corresponding verb must have the singular form, too. Remember that singular verbs have an –s or –es, plural verbs do not (they use the base form). EX: (Correct three errors) Edward Rowen work for the Central Intelligence Agency. Why do the agency investigate candidates? It don’t want to hire people with criminal records.

27. Meeting 4 – Chapter 22 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Identify the simple past: • The simple past tense indicates that an action occurred at a specific past time. • There are regular and irregular verbs in the past tense. • Regular verbs end in –d or –ed (liked, walked). • Irregular verbs do not follow a regular pattern and do not end in any specific letter (knew, saw, went).

28. Meeting 4 – Chapter 22 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Identify the past progressive tense: • The past progressive tense indicates that an action was in progress at a particular past moment. • It is often used with the simple past tense in creating a complex sentence. EX: While the detectives were watching the house, the suspect escaped.

29. Meeting 4 – Chapter 22 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Identify regular past tense verbs: • Regular past tense verbs have a standard –d or –edending. Use the same form for both singular and plural past tense verbs. • Note about pronouncing the regular past tense. • Spell regular past tense verbs correctly: • Review the spelling patterns on pg. 344

30. Meeting 4 – Chapter 22 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Identify irregular past tense verbs: • Irregular past tense verbs change internally. • Because their spellings change from the present to the past, these verbs can be challenging to remember. • Let’s practice! • Complete part 1 from Practice 2 on pg. 344 and Practice 3 on pg. 345. • Review your answers with a partner.

31. Meeting 4 – Chapter 22 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Identify negative and question forms: • In the present and past tenses, you must add a helping verb (or auxiliary verb) to question and negative sentence forms. • Remember these helpful guides: • ASVO –Auxiliary Subject Verb Object: Use this to form Yes/No questions in the present and past tense. • WhASVO– Wh- Auxiliary Subject Verb Object: Use this to form WH questions in the present and past tense. • SAVO – Subject Auxiliary Verb Object: Use this guide to form statements in the present and past tense. • Note: Some elements of these guides may be optional.

32. Meeting 4 – Chapter 22 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Examples A S V O ? Wh A S V O ?

33. Meeting 4 – Chapter 22 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Examples S A V O . S A V O .

34. Meeting 4 – Chapter 22 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Note about negative and question forms: • Always use the base form of the main verb, even when the subject is third-person singular. EX: Why does the Spy Museum have so many spy gadgets? • Note about contractions: • It is acceptable to contract negative verbs forms in informal writing. • However, you should avoid using contractions in your academic writing.

35. Meeting 4 – Chapter 22 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Identify double negatives: • A double negative occurs when a negative word such as no, nothing, nobody, or nowhere is combined with a negative adverb such as not, never, rarely, or seldom. • Such sentences can be confusing because the negative words cancel each other. EX: The agent didn’t know nothing about the robbery. (didn’t and nothing form a double negative)

36. Meeting 4 – Chapter 22 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • How to correct double negatives: • Completely remove one of the negative forms: Incorrect: The agent doesn’t have no children. Correct: The agent doesn’t have children. The agent has no children. • Change no to any (anybody, anything, anywhere): Incorrect: The agent didn’t know nothing about the crime. Correct: The agent didn’t know anything about the crime.

37. Meeting 4 – Chapter 22 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Let’s review! • Give an example of a regular past tense verb. • Give an example of an irregular past tense verb. • What is a double negative? • What are the three sentence guides we learned in class?

38. Meeting 4 – Chapter 22 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Let’s review! • Correct the errors in the following paragraph: Last year, Max B. work as a spy, and he easily founded top-secret information. A large corporation hire Max as a temporary worker. He begun his job last August. When he were inside the company, he do an unethical thing. He use his computer to access the company’s database.

39. Meeting 4 – Chapter 23 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Topic: Past Participles • Theme: Espionage • Alternative homework (HW 4): pg. 355 –The Writer’s Desk • Reflect on how children were disciplined in the past and how they are disciplined today. Write a paragraph explaining how the disciplining of children has changed over the years.

40. Meeting 4 – Chapter 23 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Identify past participles: • A past participle is a verb form, not a verb tense. • You cannot use a past participle as the only verb in a sentence; instead, it must be used with a helping verb such as have, has, had, is, was, or were. HV PP EX: Ian Fleming was raised in England. HV PP EX: His novels have become very popular.

41. Meeting 4 – Chapter 23 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Let’s practice! • Do Practice 1 on pg. 356. • When you finish, do Practice 2 on pg. 357. • Check your answers with a partner.

42. Meeting 4 – Chapter 23 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Identify the present perfect tense: have/has + past participle • A past participle combines with have or has to form the present perfect tense. You can use this tense in two different circumstances: • To show that an action began in the past and continues to the present time. You will often use since or for with this tense. • To show that one or more completed actions occurred at unspecific past times. • Review the examples on pg. 358.

43. Meeting 4 – Chapter 23 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Compare the present perfect and the simple past tense using time markers: • Time markers are words that indicate when an action occurred. They provide clues about which verb tense to use. • Simple past tense – to refer to a completed incident that occurred at a specific past time, use the following time markers: • yesterday, ago, when I was…, last (week, month, year), in the past…, in (year, month), during the 1980s

44. Meeting 4 – Chapter 23 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Compare the present perfect and the simple past tense using time markers: • Present perfect tense – to refer to an action that began in the past and is still continuing, use the following time markers: • since, for (a period of time up to now), ever, up to now, so far, not…yet • Present perfect tense – to refer to an action that occurred at unspecified past times, use the following past time markers: • once, lately, several times, three times, many, twice, recently

45. Meeting 4 – Chapter 23 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Identify the past perfect tense: had + past participle • The past perfect tense indicates that one or more past actions happened before another past action. It is formed with had and the past participle. • Notice the differences between the simple past, the present perfect, and the past perfect: SP: Last night, I watched a documentary on the CIA. Pres Perf: I have read many articles about the agency. Past Perf: The government had suspected the agent for a long time before he was arrested as a spy.

46. Meeting 4 – Chapter 23 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Let’s practice! • Do Practice 3 on pg. 359. • When you finish, do Practice 4 on pg. 360. • Check your answers with a partner.

47. Meeting 4 – Chapter 23 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Identify the passive voice: be + past participle • In sentences with the passive voice, the subject receives the action and does not perform the action. Active: The diplomat gave secret documents to an undercover agent. (The subject performs the action, so it’s active). Passive: Secret documents were given to an undercover agent. (The subject was affected by the action, so it’s passive).

48. Meeting 4 – Chapter 23 EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Let’s review and practice! • Do the Final Review on pg. 366. • Check your answers with a partner.

49. Meeting 4 – Homework EAP 1540 C Winter 2010 • Please do the following for homework: • Lab work • Homework 4 (HW 4) • Study for Quiz 4 • Remember that all homework is due at the beginning of each class. • See you next week!