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English SOL Institute Secondary Nonfiction Reading Strand. Teaching Text Structures Allison Carey, Reading Teacher Rachel Carson Middle School, FCPS. Secondary Nonfiction Reading. Key Points in Nonfiction Reading Nonfiction includes both informational and functional passages
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English SOL Institute • Secondary Nonfiction Reading Strand Teaching Text Structures Allison Carey, Reading Teacher Rachel Carson Middle School, FCPS
Secondary Nonfiction Reading • Key Points in Nonfiction Reading • Nonfiction includes both informational and functional passages • Emphasis on text structures and organizational patterns. Examples in the Curriculum Framework • Comprehension of nonfiction reading is a reporting category on new SOL tests.
Secondary Nonfiction Reading • Key Points in Nonfiction Reading • Pair passages of same topic: fiction and nonfiction • 9-12 nonfiction standards include identification of faulty reasoning • More nonfiction items on SOL test beginning at 5th grade
Teaching Text Structure • Structure is the key to comprehension– to comprehend a passage is to create a mental structure. (Calfee) • If students lack background knowledge on a topic, they depend on the structure of the text. (Caltaldo and Oakhill) • An understanding of text structure helps students summarize because a summary needs to reflect the structure of the text. (Kissner)
Text Structure • Italics • Bold or colored print • Underlining • Indentation • Sidebars • Illustrations • Graphics • Photographs • Headings • Subheading • Footnotes • Annotations • Typeset • Hyperlinks • Timelines • Charts • Graphs
Text Structure • Interactive Text Feature Wall- a bulletin board where students can post examples of different text features like bold print, italics, graphs, photographs, captions, etc.
Text Structures • Textmapping- a hands-on strategy to teach students about text features and to improve comprehension • http://www.textmapping.org/overview.html
Textmapping • Tape the pages of the chapter together to make a scroll • Use highlighters to mark the following parts of the chapter:
Text Structure/Organizational Patterns • Cause and effect • Compare and contrast • Concept/definition • Chronological or sequential • Generalization or principle • Listing or enumeration • Problem/solution • Process
Teaching Text Structure • Create a flip book with an example of each text structure. • Introduce a graphic organizer with each text structure. • Devote a few days to teach each internal text structure. • Explicitly teach each internal text structure. • Read an example of each text structure as a class. • Have students read an example of each structure with a partner. • Have each student independently read an example of each structure. • Complete a scavenger hunt to find an example of each structure. • Use the text structure work mat when reading nonfiction.
Text Structure Scavenger Hunt • Students work in pairs to search for an example of each internal text structure. • Pairs pick a topic to focus on as they gather an example of each text structure. • Some possible topics are sports, foods, athletes, musicians, or instruments. • Each example must be about the chosen topic. • The topic doesn’t change, but the internal text structure changes. • Students need to cite the source of each example. • All of the examples will be displayed and labeled on a poster. • Students will include a visual of the topic on the poster.
Online Resources • Words that Signal a Text’s Organizational Pattern • http://www.somers.k12.ny.us/intranet/reading/signalwords.html#gen • Teaching Text Features • http://emilykissner.blogspot.com/2009/08/teaching-text-features.html • Text Structures and Text Features • http://home.roadrunner.com/~EXCELLENCE1/Text%20Structure%20Text%20Features.htm • Text Structure Resources • http://literacyleader.com/?q=textstructure • E Reading Worksheets: Text Structure • http://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-structure/
References • “Exploring Ways Authors Use Text Structures to Convey Meaning." Pennsylvania Department of Education Standards Aligned System. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 July 2012. <http://pdesas.org/module/content/resources/13035/view.ashx>. • "In My Classroom: The Forest and the Trees: Teaching Text Structure." In My Classroom: The Forest and the Trees. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 July 2012. <http://emilykissner.blogspot.com/2009/07/teaching-text-structure.html>. • Conklin, Tom. Nonfiction comprehension cliffhangers. New York: Teaching Resources, 2008. Print. • Daniels, Harvey, and Nancy Steineke. Texts and lessons for content-area reading. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2011. Print. • Kissner, Emily. Summarizing, paraphrasing, and retelling: skills for better reading, writing, and test taking. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2006. Print. • "Text Structure | Reading Worksheets." ereadingworksheets | Free Reading Worksheets. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 July 2012. <http://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-structure/>. • "The Textmapping Project - Home." The Textmapping Project - Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 July 2012. <http://www.textmapping.org/>.
Contact Information • Allison Carey • adcarey@fcps.edu
Disclaimer Reference within this presentation to any specific commercial or non-commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply an endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the Virginia Department of Education.