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Vietnam conflict

Vietnam conflict. War continued. Tet Offensive – A Turning Point. End of 1967 – Gen. Westmoreland tells American people Vietcong were weakening and can’t mount a major offensive as he says this, the Vietcong are planning for just that

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Vietnam conflict

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  1. Vietnam conflict War continued

  2. Tet Offensive – A Turning Point End of 1967 – Gen. Westmoreland tells American people Vietcong were weakening and can’t mount a major offensive as he says this, the Vietcong are planning for just that Tet offensive (Vietnam Lunar New Year) – 1968, plan assault on 36 capitals, 5 major cities, U.S. embassy in Saigon N.V. hope was that urban areas would side with them A.S. and S.V. able to hold them off, but showed that N.V. were not weakened nor willing to give up Westmoreland asks for more troops – Johnson asks Sec. of Defense Clifford to take objective look at war he becomes pessimistic – more troops would mean raising taxes increasing draft, and calling up reserves, increased casualties and dissent at home needs to stop thinking victory and think negotiated peace

  3. Nixon 1968 wins presidential election wants ‘peace with honor’ negotiating peace U.S. wants all communist troops out of S.V., P.O.W.’s returned; N. V. wants immediate withdrawal of Am. Troops, formation of coalition gov’t in Vietnam Nixon practices ‘Vietnamization’ gradual pullout of Am. Troops, allows S. V. troops to take over (ARVN – Army of Republic of Vietnam)

  4. orders secret bombing of Ho Chi Minh Trail in Cambodia – hopes to cut off supplies http://www.google.com/search?q=ho+chi+minh+trail&hl=en&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=xv2PUc6bOKibygGs7IGYCA&ved=0CDYQsAQ&biw=1058&bih=464 1970 – frustrated with slow pace of peace talks, orders ground attack on N. V. Army and Vietcong bases in Cambodia My Lai – 1968 – American soldiers searching for enemy troops came upon village many Vietcong had posed as civilians – troops begin shooting and killing villagers killed between 400-500 people 1971 – military court convicts commander of attack

  5. Pentagon Papers – 1971 – published by New York Times classified gov’t history of Am. Involvement in Viet. showed dishonesty of gov’t concerning Viet. Kent State – 1970 invasion of Cambodia ramps up protests at home many demonstrations saw police and National Guard called in Kent State (Ohio) – threw rocks and bottles at National Guard – someone thought sniper had fired – prompts Guard to fire into crowd 4 youth killed Jackson State University (Miss) – 2 students dead

  6. http://www.google.com/search?q=kent+state+shooting+1970&hl=en&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=uwCQUa77KIbUyQGt44CoAw&ved=0CD0QsAQ&biw=1058&bih=464#hl=en&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=my+lai+massacre&oq=my+la&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.101838.106147.0.108852.25.15.0.0.0.3.186.1106.10j3.13.0...0.0...1c.1.12.img.aBnSQ5Y4Fo4&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&bvm=bv.46340616,d.aWc&fp=cf92bb4bcda205a7&biw=1058&bih=464http://www.google.com/search?q=kent+state+shooting+1970&hl=en&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=uwCQUa77KIbUyQGt44CoAw&ved=0CD0QsAQ&biw=1058&bih=464#hl=en&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=my+lai+massacre&oq=my+la&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.101838.106147.0.108852.25.15.0.0.0.3.186.1106.10j3.13.0...0.0...1c.1.12.img.aBnSQ5Y4Fo4&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&bvm=bv.46340616,d.aWc&fp=cf92bb4bcda205a7&biw=1058&bih=464 http://www.google.com/search?q=kent+state+shooting+1970&hl=en&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=uwCQUa77KIbUyQGt44CoAw&ved=0CD0QsAQ&biw=1058&bih=464

  7. The End of the War 1971 – 2/3 of Americans wanted us out of Viet. October 1972 – Peace terms are agreed on; Nixon wins re-election; peace terms fall apart we increased bombing to get N. V., Vietcong to sign agreement 1973 – U.S., S. V., N.V. Vietcong sign agreement cease fire, U.S. out of S. V., POWs exchanged, N. V. troops would stay in S. V. N.L.F. becomes political party in S. V. Saigon – N.V. and S.V. don’t honor cease fire 1975 – N.V., with aid of Soviets, take Saigon; S. V. Weakened without U.S. help

  8. America Divided The Draft 1965 – the majority were draftees, not volunteers 1.5 million drafted over course of conflict local boards had control of who was selected for service, college students given deferments, also certain occupations meant working class and poor drafted African Americans disproportionately serve in combat 1969 – Selective Service System adopts lottery system

  9. College Campuses Become hot bed of protest – professors and students pacifists, economic, against military service U of M and University of Cal., Berkeley – leaders of anti war protests U of M founds Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) against racism and poverty;becomes anti war Berkeley protests when univ. officials say they can’t organize protests on campus grounds form Free Speech Movement

  10. 1st Living Room War News nightly reporting from Vietnam Groups organize against the war Viet Vets against War; Catholic Peace Fellowship; Another Mother for Peace Gov’t optimism vs. war correspondents’ reports forms the ‘credibility gap’ transition from trust to mistrust in gov’t

  11. 1968 Democratic Primary Johnson faces opposition for Democratic nomination Eugene McCarthy and Robert Kennedy enter the race as anti-war candidates Johnson, realizing he was defeated, tells America he will not seek nor accept the nomination for President http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOs7BjZrgqY

  12. Summer of 1968 – two assassinations shock the nation MLK – assassinated by James Earl Ray, racist Robert F. Kennedy – assassinated by SirhanSirhan, Palestinian angry about our support of Israel in war with Egypt http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_J0QWc-doNA Democratic Convention in Chicago Protests outside of convention Mayor calls out police and National Guard to keep peace http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EYp1JgwotXU

  13. Dems choose Johnson’s VP, Hubert Humphrey violence erupts when McCarthy was overlooked police beat activists and protestors throw rocks and bottles televised, shocks America Nixon becomes Rep. nominee promises to deliver ‘peace with honor’ talks about the ‘silent majority’ the non-protestors – the young, the unblack, the unpoor George Wallace also runs for president on 3rd party tix represents the ‘white backlash’ against civil rights and desire to press forward to victory in Viet. Nixon wins 43.6% of pop. Vote ( split votes of 3rd party); 301 of electoral votes

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