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Structure of the Atom

Structure of the Atom. PSC Ch. 3-2. The Atom. Subatomic particles The nucleus The notation and the periodic table Isotopes and Ions Determining atomic mass. Subatomic Particles. Electrons Discovered by J.J. Thompson Discovered how:

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Structure of the Atom

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  1. Structure of the Atom PSC Ch. 3-2

  2. The Atom • Subatomic particles • The nucleus • The notation and the periodic table • Isotopes and Ions • Determining atomic mass

  3. Subatomic Particles Electrons • Discovered by J.J. Thompson • Discovered how: • Cathode ray tubes-rays traveled from cathode to anode, bent by electric and/or magnetic field, caused paddle wheel to turn • Vital Stats… • Mass: 9 X 10-31 kg , ~1/2000 mass of p+, .00055u • Charge: -1, -1.30x10-19c, • Location: electron cloud / outside nucleus

  4. Subatomic Particles Protons • Discovered by J.J. Thompson • Discovered how: • Modified cathode ray tube particles traveled from anode to cathode • Vital Stats: • Mass: 1.673 X 10-27 kg; ~2000x mass of e-, 1.007u • Charge: +1, 1.60x10-19c • Location: nucleus

  5. Subatomic Particles Neutrons • Discovered by James Chadwick • Discovered how: • High energy beam unaffected by magnetic or electric fields • Vital Stats: • Mass: 1.675 X 10-27 kg (very similar to the proton) • Charge: 0, neutral • Location: in the nucleus

  6. The Nucleus • Discovered by Lord Ernest Rutherford • Discovered how : • Gold foil experiment- + charged particles shot at thin gold foil. Most went straight through, some deflected. Very few bounced straight back • Small dense + charged core in atom (atom is mostly empty space) • Vital Stats: • + charge • Dense – over 99% of the atom’s mass • 1/trillionth the volume of the atom

  7. ATOM e- cloud -Most of volume -Very little mass Nucleus -99% of mass -1/trillionth of volume p+ (protons) -J.J. Thompson -modified cathode ray tube -positive charge, +1 -1.007u no (neutrons) -James Chadwick -no charge -1.009u e - (electrons) -.0005u -neg charge, -1 -J.J. Thompson -cathode ray tube Graphic Organizer

  8. Isotopes • Sometimes atoms of the same elements have a different number of neutrons • All elements have isotopes! • And they exist in different abundances.

  9. Ions (p. 161) • Sometimes atoms will gain or lose electrons • Too many : negative charge • Too few: positive charge

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