WANG Baoqing China Association for International S&T Cooperation (CAISTC)

1. Capacity Building and Technology Transfer in the Context of Global Governance(全球治理语境下的能力建设与技术转移) WANG Baoqing China Association for International S&T Cooperation (CAISTC) October 18，2011, Beijing

2. Contents Ⅰ - The background , conception, roles and issues Ⅱ - Building a new inclusive policy framework Ⅲ - Bring all stakeholders into full play in the context of global governance 2

3. Ⅰ - The background , conception, roles and issues The globalization is a historical process. The scale and complexity of globalization is increasing. In the present time , the global challenges are serious than ever before. Addressing the global challenges such as climate change, energy and resource shortages, agriculture and food security, global health, eco-environment and so on, is our common political will and mission. 3

4. Understanding the implication of global governance The global governance is an aggregate of managing and solving global issues and other common concerns dealing with different public and private bodies as well as individuals at various levels worldwide. It includes the international institutions , and coordinated or cooperative actions for coping with difficulties and conflicts. It involves principles, norms, regulations and decision making procedures. 4

5. The main roles of global governance Generally speaking, the components of global governance consist of governments, international organizations, research institutions, firms ,especially multinational corporations (MNCs), and civil society groups. Governments still play major roles. 5

6. The main existing issues of capacity building and technology transfer (1) • In the context of interdependent international affairs, the capacity building and technology transfer has made considerable progress and achievements. However, it also faces some notable challenges ,e.g. narrow preoccupation on the technology matters and technology protectionism, neglecting the real needs, user’s IP right and absorptive capacity of developing countries. • With regard to the capacity building, emphasis is mostly on the training of scientists and technicians, and on the provision of scientific facilities and hardware. The technology owners (firms) and civil society groups have insufficient opportunities for being engaged in relevant agendas and activities. 6

7. The main existing issues of capacity building and technology transfer (2) • MNCs provide developing countries with some technologies by using local cheap labors and resources and sharing the local markets. However, they are not willing to transfer their updated technologies to developing countries. • There are also no seamless connections between the capacity building and technology transfer on the arrangements of projects, programs and funding. The operating ways for capacity building and technology transfer are basically separate with a lack of overlapping. 7

8. The main existing issues of capacity building and technology transfer (3) The problems happened on capacity building is merely regarded as the matter of developing countries. Actually, developed countries also have some disadvantages, such as how to improve meaningful capacity, and to mobilize and integrate different resources (both public and private goods ) to offer effective aids. 8

9. We learned from STIG We understand from the ongoing project entitled with “Governance of international cooperation on science ,technology and innovation for global challenges” (STIG)by CSTP, OECD that many international S&T organizations have not regarded capacity building and technology transfer as their main missions. 9

10. International STI cooperation should be a primary pathway addressing global challenges • The capacity building, knowledge sharing and technology transfer should therefore be scrutinized under the framework of global governance. 10

11. Ⅱ - Building a new inclusive policy framework • It is time to take into account setting up a new inclusive policy framework of international STI cooperation. The outcomes of STI, which deal with addressing global challenges, should have been regarded as dual functions. They are not only identified as the nature of commodities but also of their public values. 11

12. About IPR Regarding IPR，it needs to trade off the owners and users. According to the provisions of WIPO/TRIPs , the countries in which AIDsand Malaria break- out could adopt the policy of compulsory licensing. Following up the idea, the technologies with IPR should be transferred at lower or concessionary prices to poor countries, regions and communities at urgent time of global challenges. 12

13. Expecting international STI organizations • It is encouraged that headquarters or branches of the regional and international STI organizations could be set up in developing countries in order to accelerate diffusion of governance knowledge. • When the multilateral STI organizations implement programs or projects, it is also encouraged for them to absorb private firms ,e.g. MNCs, to carry out jointly. 13

14. Ⅲ - Bring all stakeholders into full play in the context of global governance The highlights: 1. international organizations; 2. the roles of emerging countries; 3. firms and civil society groups should be inclusive in international cooperation in a broad sense; 4. it needs to rethink the framework of national innovative system. 14

15. Expecting international organizations We have noted that the European 2020 Strategy regards innovation unions as one of seven fleet measures. We expect that the mentioned unions could include those between developed and developing countries , particularly between developed and emerging countries. Multilateral STI organizations, e.g. OECD and UNESCO, should consider further adding some relevant indicators in their statistical systems in order to measure the extent , scale and vitality of stakeholders activities engaging in capacity building and technology transfer and global governance of international STI cooperation. 15

16. For emerging countries China and other major emerging countries have undertaken more international responsibilities commensurate with their strengths to delivering adoptable technologies and giving aids to less developed countries. 16

17. For developing countries For developing countries, the national science and technology programs should stick to the principle of opening to outside on a reciprocal basis, and effective management. The establishment of research centers and joint labs at developing countries by MNCs are welcome. It is a new subject for developing countries to learn how to integrate the advantages of MNCs into the national innovative systems for mutual benefits. 17

18. In the name of global governance Enhancing cooperation of technology transfer agencies at national, regional and international levels should be fully encouraged. It needs also to deepen and broaden the connections and dialogues between research institutions and firms. The modes of existing international STI cooperation should be reviewed. We expect that there are new institutional innovation and public goods in the context of global governance. 18

19. Our common mission——strengthening the international STI cooperation to address global challenges Thank you ！ WANG Baoqing Email:bqwang@caistc.com 19