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PAAL Training FBA

PAAL Training FBA. Kaori G. Nepo, M.Ed., BCBA. FBA: Functional Behavior Assessment . To create hypotheses about the functional relationship between environmental stimuli-behaviors Why? Avoid/Eliminate ineffective interventions To develop effective interventions

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PAAL Training FBA

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  1. PAAL TrainingFBA Kaori G. Nepo, M.Ed., BCBA

  2. FBA: Functional Behavior Assessment • To create hypotheses about the functional relationship between environmental stimuli-behaviors • Why? • Avoid/Eliminate ineffective interventions • To develop effective interventions • Ensure the effectiveness of interventions

  3. Three Term Contingency A(SD) – B(R) – C(SR+/SR-/SP+/SP-) Antecedent: a stimulus which occurs before a behavior Behavior/ Response: movement or action by an individual Consequences: a stimulus which is produced by a behavior

  4. Four Term Contingency MO A-B-C Motivating Operation (MO): the environmental changes that alter the reinforcing value of stimulus (and the frequency of a behavior) • EO: Establishing Operation • AO: Abolishing Operation

  5. Function vs. Topography • Function: purpose of behaviors • Topography: how the behavior looks like • Behaviors look same but different functions • C.f. tantrums for attention or escape • Behaviors look different but same functions • C.f. manding

  6. Function • Positive Reinforcement: SR+ • Social Attention • Tangible • Automatic Positive Reinforcement • Negative Reinforcement: SR- • Social Negative Attention (Escape/Avoidance) • Automatic Negative Reinforcement

  7. Assessment vs. Analysis • Gather information • Form hypotheses • Not systematic arrangement of environmental stimuli • Natural settings • Use information • Test hypotheses • Systematic manipulation of environmental stimuli • Contrived/simulated settings

  8. Conduct FBA • Operational Definition of the target behavior and measurement • Gather information (indirect and direct assessment) • Interpret information • Test hypothesis (Behavior Analysis) • Develop interventions

  9. Operational Definition : define the target behavior…. • Objective: Observable and measurable • Clarity: unfamiliar observers can identify • Including clear description of topography • Completeness: clear boundaries, time frame • Beginning and ending • IRT/ break between behaviors

  10. Data Collection • Direct Measurement • Permanent Products (written sample) • Direct Observational Recording • Event Recording • Duration Recording • Latency Recording • Inter Response Time (IRT) • Interval Recording (whole or partial) • Momentary Time Sampling

  11. Gather Information • Indirect FBA • Direct observation • What to look for… • Standardized test • Medial history • Maladaptive behaviors • Setting, triggers, reinforcers • Social history • Previous FBA/interventions

  12. Indirect FBA • Collect useful information from individuals and/or significant others through… • Interview • Checklists • Rating Scales • Questionnaires • Record review

  13. Indirect FBA • Advantage: • Convenient • Can collect useful information to form hypotheses • Limitation: • Accuracy • Subjective • Biased • Not data based • Low IOA

  14. (Direct) Descriptive FBA • ABC Continuous Recording • ABC Narrative Recording • Scatter Plots

  15. (Direct) Descriptive FBA • Direct observation in the natural environments • Advantage: • Collect useful information in the context • Do not interrupt routines • Limitation: • Difficulties to pinpoint correlation • May be misleading (c.f. intermittent reinforcement) • Accidental correlation

  16. Example Jon is 12 years old and diagnosis with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism. He attended both regular education classrooms and a special education classroom with one-on-one aide. He exhibits “chin hitting” across environments. ABC assessment was conducted in both environments and it was found that he is most likely to exhibit chin hitting during difficult tasks and in larger classrooms.

  17. ABC Recording

  18. Interpret Information • Draw hypotheses from information collected • Write in ABC format

  19. Behavior Analysis • Experimental manipulation of antecedents and consequences to test hypotheses • Advantage: • Clear demonstration of relation among variables • Limitation: • Temporarily reinforce maladaptive behaviors • Counterintuitive • Not effective for less frequent behaviors • Contrived settings • Time consuming

  20. Behavior Analysis • Possible functions based on functional behavior assessment (c.f. contingent attention, contingent escape, alone, access to reinforcers) • each condition will be presented systematically one at a time and collect data on target behaviors • Create graphs • Visually inspect graphs

  21. Examples Motivating Operation (MO) and Reinforcement Contingencies for functional analysis

  22. Examples

  23. Examples

  24. Examples

  25. Examples

  26. Develop Interventions • Alter Antecedents • Change MO • Change SD • Alter Consequences • SR+ • SR- • Teach or replace with functionally equivalent behaviors

  27. FBA example Tommy is 15 years old male student who is diagnosed with autism. He is non-verbal and use signs and pictures to communicate his needs with occasional prompts. Tommy exhibits whining (high pitch and non-contextual vocalization) across settings and people, but more likely with his mother. Interview and ABC Continuous Recording Data suggested that he is more likely to exhibit whining when his mother is talking with others.

  28. FBA • Form Hypotheses

  29. Test Hypotheses

  30. Develop Interventions • Contingent Tangible • DRI/DRA (verbal/non-verbal) • DRO • NCR • Contingent Attention • DRI/DRA (verbal/non-verbal) • Extinction • NCR

  31. Review #1 What is FBA? Functional Behavior Assessment

  32. Review #2 Behavior Analysis is different from Functional Behavior Assessment because… • Experimental manipulation • Use information vs. gather information • Test hypotheses • Contrived settings/ interruption of routines

  33. Review #3 Examples of indirect FBA are… • Interview • Checklists • Rating Scales • Questionnaires • Record review

  34. Review #4 What are some of limitations of Indirect FBA? • Subjective • Accuracy • Biased • Low IOA • Not data based

  35. Review #5 Examples of (Direct)Descriptive FBA are... • ABC Continuous Recording • ABC Narrative Recording • Scatter plots

  36. Review #6 What are advantages of (Direct) Descriptive FBA? • Collect useful information in the context • Do not interrupt routines

  37. Review #7 Explain how to test hypotheses… • Systematic manipulation of environmental stimuli (antecedents and consequences) • Graphing • Visual inspection

  38. Review #8 Why is it necessary to conduct FBA? • Avoid/Eliminate ineffective interventions • To develop effective interventions • Ensure the effectiveness of interventions

  39. Review #9 What are functions of behaviors? • Positive Reinforcement SR+ • Social Attention • Tangible • Automatic Positive Reinforcement • Negative Reinforcement SR • Social Negative Attention (Escape/Avoidance) • Automatic Negative Reinforcement

  40. Review #10 Explain Three Term Contingency… A(SD) – B(R) – C(SR+/SR-/SP+/SP-) Antecedent: a stimulus which occurs before a behavior Behavior/ Response: movement or action by an individual Consequences: a stimulus which is produced by a behavior

  41. Thankyou

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