Welcome to Ms. Khan s CP Biology Class

1. Welcome to Ms. Khan�s CP Biology Class!

2. Agenda: Mon 8/30- Tues 8/31 Introduction Syllabus, Rules and Expectations What�s your favorite animal? Binders Pre-reading, Chapter Web Outline Homework: Ch 1-1 and 1-3 Web Outline Parent Signature on syllabus Bring Bio binder with dividers Study Pre-fix chart (first 15 words) Research question: What is a mealworm?

3. Binders Life Binder (more info in CP class) Biology Binder 6 Dividers Web Outlines Journals/Notes Activities Story Boards Lab Reports Vocabulary

4. Agenda: Wed 9/1- Thurs 9/2 Journal Class Notes: Ch. 1-3 The Study of Life Mealworm activity Homework: Ch. 1-2 Web Outline (skip pgs 11-13) Study Pre-fix chart (first 15 words) Research question: What is Penicillin?

5. Unit 1: Scientific InvestigationJournal 9/1- 9/2 �Lucky is the teacher whose students want to know how things work.� What do you want to learn in biology? Why do you think this quote is important to Ms. Khan in her Biology class? What will you do in this class that will help you pass the class?

6. Class Notes Topic: Introduction to Biology What is Biology? Bio = life Logy = study of Biology = study of life

7. Science uses prefixes and root words to make bigger words Ex: What does microbiology mean? micro = small bio = life logy = study of so�.microbiology = study of small life

8. What is bio (life)? There are different levels of organization: molecules ? cells ? tissues/organs (groups of cells)? organisms ? population of a single organism ? communities of populations living in the same area ? other living and non-living things surrounding the community? Biosphere (Earth)

9. What do we need to live? What are characteristics of living things?

10. Background on the mealworm: Scientific Name: Tenebrio molitor General Physical Description: The larvae (meal worm) are about 30-35 millimeters long when full sized (although other varieties may be larger). It is golden colored and segmented (13-15 segments). There are little "foot-like" protuberances on the ventral side attached to three anterior segments (future beetle legs).

11. Reproduction: Beetles undergo complete metamorphosis - egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Tenebrio beetles lay their eggs in the grain; the eggs hatch into tiny larvae (meal worms) that eat merrily away and grow rapidly. Eventually, they will change into a pupa out of which the adult beetle will emerge. The larvae go through a series of stages called "instars." Each instar is preceded by a molting of the old skin. The female beetle emits pheromones that attract the males. A male and female beetle mate and the male deposits sperm inside the female.

12. Stages of Life

13. Adult Beetle

14. Native Habitat and Role in the Environment: There are many genera of darkling beetles. They live under bark, in and around rotten wood, on the ground or in termite and ant nests. They are scavengers; they feed on organic matter that is decaying. Tenebrio molitor lives in grain and is considered a pest by farmers. As with many other creatures, they may be considered negative for humans when in fact they are vital to the global environment. The darkling beetles and their larvae are great recyclers of organic material. In Mexico, certain beetle larvae are served with rice and others are in bottle of the Mexican liquor, mescal. In the United States, our fascination with the mescal larvae has resulted in a tequila-flavored lollipop that has the Tenebrio larva trapped inside.

15. Activity 9/1-9/2: Mealworms Examine the mealworm and describe/draw what it looks like Make a list of quantitative and qualitative observations of the mealworm. Inferences: Make a chart including all of the living systems of the mealworm and observe where they are located. Experiment: determine the mealworms responses to its environment- make a �hypothesis� then try the experiment, then write a conclusion

16. Agenda: Fri 9/3- Tues 9/7 Review Mealworm Activity Journal Class Notes: Ch. 1-1,1-2 The Science of Biology Penny Lab Activity Homework: Finish Penny Lab Worksheet Vocab Chart #1 Web Outline 2-2 Study first 15 Prefixes and Vocab chart #1

17. Unit 1: Scientific InvestigationJournal Fri 9/3- Tues 9/7 Read �Conflicts of Interest� in Ch1-3 Pg. 23. Use Question # 3 to explain what viewpoint do you support and why?

18. The Science of Biology The goal of science is to investigate and understand nature, to explain events in nature, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions.

19. Steps to investigate science: Observation: using our senses (sight, touch, taste, hearing, smell) to gather information. Data: collection of information Quantitative: numbers (how many, how much, etc) Qualitative: description (what it looks like, what it does, etc)

20. Inference: making a logical interpretation based on prior experience Hypothesis: a scientific guess or explanation

21. Experiment: to test the hypothesis, using a controlled variable (unchanged) or a manipulated variable (changed) to compare the two. The responding variable is observed to see the response caused by the manipulated variable. Theory: well tested explanation, after doing all of the above.

22. All living things share the same characteristics: cellular organization reproduction a universal genetic code growth and development use of materials and energy response to their environment maintaining internal stability

23. HW Review Ch 1-1 What does science study? What does it not study? Why should a scientist be skeptical? Suppose a community wanted to ban seatbelt use in cars: how could science play a role in this decision?

24. List quantitative observations List qualitative observations

25. Ch 1-2 What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis? Give an example of when experiments are not possible.

26. Scientific Investigation In ActionHow Penicillin Was Discovered In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming was studying Staphylococcus bacteria growing in culture dishes. He noticed that a mold called Penicillin was also growing in some of the dishes. A clear area existed around the mold because all the bacteria that had grown in this area had died. In the culture dishes without the mold, no clear areas were present.

27. Fleming hypothesized that the mold must be producing a chemical that killed the bacteria. He decided to isolate this substance and test it to see if it would kill bacteria. Fleming transferred the mold to a nutrient broth solution. This solution contained all the materials the mold needed to grow. After the mold grew, he removed it from the nutrient broth. Fleming then added the nutrient broth in which the mold had grown to a culture of bacteria. He observed that the bacteria died.

28. 1. Identify the problem. 2. What was Fleming's hypothesis? 3. How was the hypothesis tested? 4. Should the hypothesis be supported or rejected based on the experiment? 5. This experiment lead to the development of what major medical advancement?

29. Lab Activity: Penny Lab How is the Surface Tension of Water Affected By Soap? Note: Test each solution five (5) times Each drop must completely separate from the tip of the pipette before it touches the liquid on the top of the penny. VERY IMPORTANT: CLEAN AND DRY the penny after every trial!

30. Agenda: Wed 9/08- Thurs 9/09 Journal HW Review The Discovery of Penicillin Penny Lab Review How to Write a Lab Report Due: Prefix/Vocab Quiz (Tues 9/14- Wed 9/15) Homework: Web Outline 2-1 Lab Report: Penny Lab (due Tues 9/14- Wed 9/15) Study the first 15 Prefixes/ Vocab List #1 Heads up: there will be a Biology Pre-test on Fri/Mon (no need to study)

31. Journal Wed 9/08- Thurs 9/09 �Experience is the name that everyone gives to his mistakes.� (Oscar Wilde). Every body makes mistakes, but we all have to learn from them. There is no shortcut to experience. Scientists make mistakes all the time�that�s why the word experiment has experience in it. Is it ok for scientists to make mistakes? What mistakes have you made, and have you learned from them?

32. HW review: Vocab Organism = Homeostasis = Observation= Data = Inference = Hypothesis= Theory= Controlled variable= Manipulated variable= Responding variable=

33. Penny Lab Review Conclusion: 5. Explain what surface tension is. 6. Why were many trials taken and averaged? 7. In this experiment, what was your control group? 8. Identify the manipulated variable in the experiment. 9. Identify the responding variable in the experiment.

34. Discussion: 10. What if the experimental question was "How does sugar affect the surface tension of water?" Describe how you would answer this question using the scientific method

35. Lab Report Format I. Objective: The objective gives the main reason for doing an experiment. It is usually written in the form of a question. II. Hypothesis An educated guess about what may happen in the experiment. Any form is acceptable, however an �If� then �.� format is a good way to show what needs to be changed to create a controlled experiment.

36. III. Experiment Test your hypothesis here. Materials Make a detailed list of the materials you need to perform the experiment. Procedure Steps you will use to perform experiment. You�re writing this for someone else to conduct the experiment.

37. IV: Data This is where you include all your data, observations, or results Explain what your results mean using graphs, averages, and statistics. Show your work. (math formulas used) Compare, contrast, and summarize

38. V. Conclusion Written in paragraph/essay form and should include why you did this experiment (restate the purpose/problem). Summarize your experiment and results. State whether your hypothesis was correct or incorrect using data to prove your case.

39. VI. Discussion: Discuss any errors as well as any patterns you see. Discuss ways to improve the experiment. You may want to form a new hypothesis based on your findings and suggestions for testing the new hypothesis in a different experiment. You may also make any predictions you would expect based on what you discovered.

40. Agenda: Fri 9/10- Mon 9/13 Biology Pre-test Journal Class Notes: Ch. 2-2 (Properties of Water) Due: Prefix/ Vocab Quiz (Tues 9/14-Wed 9/15) Formal Lab Report (Tues 9/14-Wed 9/15) Homework: Formal Lab Report: Penny Lab Study first 15 Prefix/ Vocab #1

41. Journal Fri 9/10- Mon 9/13 How can this tarantula float on water?

42. Topic: The Water Molecule Polarity A water molecule is polar because there is an uneven distribution of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.

44. Hydrogen Bonds Polar water molecules attract each other Hydrogen Bonds The attraction of the Hydrogen of one molecule for the Oxygen of another.

45. Hydrogen Bonds The illustration shows the hydrogen bonds that form between water molecules

46. Cohesion The attraction between molecules of the same substance.

47. Adhesion Attraction between molecules of different substances

48. Solutions & Suspensions Water is usually part of a mixture. There are two types of mixtures:

49. Solution Ionic compounds disperse as ions in water Evenly distributed SOLUTE That which is being dissolved SOLVENT Substance into which the solute dissolves

50. NaCI Solution

51. NaCI Solution

52. Suspensions Substances that don�t dissolve but separate into tiny pieces. Water keeps the pieces suspended so they don�t settle out.

53. Acids, Bases & pH 1 water molecule in 550 million naturally dissociates into a Hydrogen Ion and a Hydroxide Ion

54. The pH Scale Indicates the concentration of H+ ions Ranges from 0 � 14 pH of 7 is neutral pH 0 � 6.99 is acid pH 7.01 � 14 is basic Each pH unit represents a factor of 10

55. Acids Strong Acids = pH 0 - 3

56. Bases Strong Base = pH 11 - 14

57. Buffers Weak acids or bases that react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH.

59. Agenda: Tues 9/14-Wed 9/15 Prefix/Vocab Quiz Penny Lab Report Grade Pretest Results Story Boards Class Notes: Ch. 2-2 (Properties of Water) Due: Unit 1 Exam (Mon 9/20- Tues 9/22) Homework: Vocab Chart #2 Story Boards Ch 1-1, 1-2, 1-3 (due on Exam Day) Study for Unit 1 Exam

60. Prefix/Vocab Quiz Answers

61. Agenda: Thurs 9/15- Fri 9/16 Class Notes: Ch 2-1 (Matter) Due: Unit 1 Exam: Wed 9/22- Thurs 9/23 Web Outline Check: Wed 9/22- Thurs 9/23 Homework: Vocab Chart #3 Unit 1 Exam Review Story Boards Ch 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 2-1, 2-2 (Due on Day of Exam)

62. Notes Ch 2-1 (Matter) Topic: The Chemistry in Biology Atom = basic unit of matter Made of protons (+), nucleus neutrons (0) electrons (-) (move around the nucleus) Atoms are neutral (same number of protons (+) and electrons (-) balance each other out)

63. Element Pure Substance Containing Only ONE Type of Atom Atomic Number = Number of Protons Atomic Mass = No. of Protons & Neutrons Represented by a letter on the Period Table of Elements

66. If an atom with no charge has a mass number of 16 and has eight electrons how many neutrons does it have?

67. Isotopes Elements that have atoms that contain different amounts of neutrons. Identified by their Mass Numbers Chemical Properties Remain Unchanged Number of Electrons Don�t Change

68. Radioactive Isotopes Nuclei are Unstable They Break Down at a Constant Rate Over Time Can be used to calculate age, fight cancer, kill bacteria

69. Isotopes of Carbon

70. Chemical Compounds A Substance Formed By The CHEMICAL Combination of Two or More Elements

71. Chemical Bonding Ionic Bonding One or More Electrons Transferred Changes The Atoms Charge NaCl

72. Covalent Bonding Shared Electrons Single, Double, Triple Bonds Possible May Cause A Shift of Electron Cloud Resulting In Molecules That Are Polar Water

74. Van der Waals Forces Polar Molecules Stick Together Like Little Magnets NOT Strong Like Ionic & Covalent Bonds

75. Agenda: Mon 9/20- Tues 9/21 Class Notes: Ch 2-1 (Matter) HW Review: Vocab Charts Unit 1 Exam Review Due: Unit 1 Exam: Wed 9/22- Thurs 9/23 Binder Check- Web Outlines: Wed 9/22- Thurs 9/23 Homework: Study for Unit 1 Exam (webs, vocab, notes, review) Story Boards Ch 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 2-1, 2-2 (Due on Day of Exam)

76. HW Review: Vocab Chart

77. Agenda: Wed 9/22- Thurs 9/23 Unit 1 Exam Due: Binder Check- Web Outlines: Today! Story Boards Due Today Homework: Ch 2-3 Web Outline Study next 15 prefix/vocab