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Mixtures -a blend of two or more substances

Mixtures -a blend of two or more substances. When we classified matter, we learned that mixtures can be classified as: Homogeneous (visually the same throughout) or Heterogeneous visually different throughout) What are some examples of each of these types of mixtures?.

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Mixtures -a blend of two or more substances

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  1. Mixtures-a blend of two or more substances • When we classified matter, we learned that mixtures can be classified as: Homogeneous (visually the same throughout) orHeterogeneous visually different throughout) • What are some examples of each of these types of mixtures?

  2. Suspension: a heterogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances • Particles are large enough to settle out and can be separated by filtering i.e. – Muddy water

  3. Colloid Colloids:homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances evenlyblended into one another. • Substances neverseparate (settle out)

  4. A solution is... Def. - A homogenous mixture of two or more substances The Formation of a solution is a physical change …NOT a chemical change. Ex. Saltwater, Kool-aid (sugar in H2O)

  5. Parts of a Solution Solvent:component presentin thelargestamount(usually H2O). • Solute:the substance that isbeing dissolved • Present in the smallest amount

  6. Types of Liquid Solutions Aqueous • A solution with water as the solvent ex. Saltwater, Kool-aid Tincture • A solution with alcohol as the solvent ex. camphor

  7. Concentrated vs. Dilute SUMMARY • A concentrated solution contains: Large amount of SOLUTE in a small amount of SOLVENT • A dilute solution contains: Small amount of SOLUTE dissolved in a large amount of SOLVENT “from concentrate”

  8. 100 g. 100 g. 5 g 35 g Solution Concentration • Refers to the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent 5 grams of salt in 100 grams of water dilute VS 35 grams of salt in 100 grams of waterconcentrated

  9. Examples of Solutions Solid into a Solid-Alloy:two metals dissolved into one another. Ex. steel= iron + carbon Solid into a Liquid:Salt dissolved in water. Gas into a Liquid:CO2 dissolved (under pressure) into a soda.

  10. Dissolving the process of creating a solution through the mixing of solute and solvent particles Can a solute be dissolved by any solvent? NO!!

  11. Insoluble When a substance cannot be dissolved in a solvent... = don't mix + water Oil The word soluble refers to solutes that CAN be dissolved in a particular solvent.

  12. Solubility • A measure of how much solute can be dissolved in a solvent under certain conditions (i.e. – temp. & pressure) Example can be dissolved in: How much ?

  13. 3 Types of Solubility Unsaturated: more solute can be dissolved in the solvent ex. Cup of water with one spoon of salt Saturated: the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved in the solvent ex. Cup of water w/most salt that will dissolve w/out seeing salt on bottom Supersaturated:more solute has been dissolved than is normally possible Ex. Cup of water w/so much salt in it, salt is on bottom

  14. Solubility Graphs Saturated Supersaturated Unsaturated

  15. Shows the relationship between temperature and solubility Any point directly on the line = Saturated Any point below the line = Unsaturated

  16. Dissolving Rate • Def. – The amount of time required for a solvent to dissolve a particular solute • “Speed of dissolving”

  17. Three Factors Affecting Dissolving Rate of a Solid into a Liquid: 1. Temperature 2. Stirring 3. Surface Area

  18. Temperature • Increasing the temperature causes an increase in kinetic energy of the solid solute and liquid solvent particles • As the particles move faster, they collide into each other more, thereby increasing the DISSOLVING RATE

  19. Stirring • Stirring also increases dissolving rate • Stirring causes an increase in collisions between the particles in a solution

  20. Surface Area • Def. – A measure of how much exposed area a substance has • Breaking, crushing, etc. are ways to increase the Surface Area • Increasing surface area allows more solute to come into contact with the solvent; increases dissolving rate VS.

  21. Depends on: • Pressure = solubility • Temperature= solubility • Stirring = solubility Solubility of Gases Pressure has the greatest effect on the solubility of a gas in a liquid!

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