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Early 19 th Century Art Romanticism and Realism and Neoclassicism

Early 19 th Century Art Romanticism and Realism and Neoclassicism. Romanticism. Romanticism is a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18 th century in Western Europe.

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Early 19 th Century Art Romanticism and Realism and Neoclassicism

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  1. Early 19th Century ArtRomanticism and Realismand Neoclassicism

  2. Romanticism Romanticism is a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe. In part, it was a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature, and was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature. Stokstad notes that both Neoclasscism and Romanticism remained vital in early 19th century European and American art.

  3. Romanticism The movement validated strong emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, terror, horror and awe—especially that which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities, both new aesthetic categories. In European painting, led by a new generation of the French school, the Romantic sensibility contrasted with the Neoclassicism being taught in the academies.

  4. Romanticism The movement validated strong emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience—so subject of a work of art would be something that produces strong emotion. Like an incubus sitting on one’s chest or a terrifying snowstorm or a shipwreck where the survivors eat each other or a massacre of women and children ... The sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities became a subject. What does this mean? It means the artist wants you to respond by thinking: “OMG! That is gorgeous and overwhelming in its size!” Or “OMG! That is just so beautiful I am speechless and gobsmacked!”

  5. Jacques-Louis David • Napoleon Crossing the Saint Bernard • 1800-1801 • oil on canvas • What is written on the rocks in the lower left? • How did Napoleon actually cross the Alps? • What makes this image Neoclassical? • What makes this image suggestive of Romanticism? • How is the composition influenced by the Baroque? • How is the composition here profoundly different from the composition of The Oath of the Horatii(1784)?

  6. Jean-Auguste-Dominique IngresNapoleon I on the Imperial Throne1806oil on canvas Ingres’ teacher was David. How does this image convey power?

  7. Coin with head of Alexanderca. 305-281BCE

  8. Augustus of Primaporta early 1st century

  9. Hans Holbein (Hans the Younger)Portrait of Henry VIII1540

  10. Louis XIV 1701 Hyacinthe Rignaud the Sun King

  11. Antoine-Jean GrosNapoleon in the Plague House at Jaffa1804 oil on canvas Gros’ teacher was David. This image is very emblematic of Romantic paintings.

  12. Eugene Delacroix Scenes from the Massacre at Chios1822-1824oil on canvas

  13. Goya Francisco de Goya Y LucientesThe Third of May, 1808: The Execution of the Defenders of Madrid1814oil on canvas

  14. Jacques-Louis DavidThe Death of Marat1793oil on canvas

  15. Goya Francisco de Goya Y LucientesFamily of Charles IV1800oil on canvas

  16. Las Meninas or The Family of Philip IVDiego Velázquez 1656-1657 oil on canvas

  17. Jean-Auguste-Dominique IngresMonsieur Bertin1832oil on canvas

  18. Jean-Auguste-Dominique IngresPrincess de Broglie1851-53oil on canvas

  19. Orientalism and Ingres Orientalism is a term used to identify works of art made by European artists which depict Middle Eastern subjects. Orientalism is widely used in art to refer to the works of the many Western 19th century artists, who specialized in "Oriental" subjects, often drawing on their travels to Western Asia and/or the Middle East. Edward Said (Orientalism, 1978) argues that European artists tend to essentialize their Middle Eastern subjects. To essentialize means to present a subject or a culture as monolithic or one-dimensional. To essentialize means to represent something in terms of what are believed to be its “essential” elements. Usually this sort of representation reveals more about the maker of the image than about the actual subject.

  20. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres • Large Odalisque • oil on canvas • Why could we consider this work “mannerist?” • Why is this work exemplary of the style taught by the French Academy?

  21. Jean-Auguste-Dominique IngresThe Bather1808oil on canvas

  22. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres • Large Odalisque How are these two images similar? Jacques-Louis David Madame Récamier 1800

  23. Mannerism can be understood—in part—as a response to the Late Renaissance’s emphasis on rationality and linear perspective. In your head you should be linking Mannerism to Ingres. Jean-Auguste-Dominique IngresMonsieur Bertin 1832 BronzinoPortrait of a Young Man 1540

  24. Neoclassical painting can be understood as a reaction to the excesses of Rococo. Jacques-Louis DavidThe Oath of the Horatii 1784 Jean-Honoré FragonardThe Swing 1767

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