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NeoClassicism and Romanticism. The 19 th century. Reaction, counterreaction , reaction Three movements to note: Neoclassicism – reaction to baroque and rococo – trying to bring back the simpler styles and “pure” ideals of the Classical era (and Renaissance)
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The 19th century • Reaction, counterreaction, reaction • Three movements to note: • Neoclassicism – reaction to baroque and rococo – trying to bring back the simpler styles and “pure” ideals of the Classical era (and Renaissance) • Romanticism – reaction to materialism and focus on religion and wealth – an attempt to focus on the individual, nature, and feelings – also to glorify revolution and social change • Realism – reaction to social inequality – trying to show the reality of human life and lower classes
Neoclassicism • This was a revival of the styles and spirit of classic antiquity (Ancient Greece and Rome) • This movement in art, design and literature reflected the developments in philosophy and other areas of the Age of Enlightenment • Artists and philosophers were reacting against the EXCESS of the Baroque and especially the Rococo style
Neoclassicism (1750 -1850) Artists felt that the Rococo age was just TOO MUCH and that they should look back to classical antiquity for the simplicity and balance they desired Also made artworks in which Classical subjects taught a moral lesson that they felt people needed to see.
Neoclassicism Jacques-Louis David, Oath of the Horatii
Neoclassicism in Architecture and Design – especially popular in early America US Capitol, Washington Interior of Mt. Vernon Estate, owned By George Washington Virginia State Capitol, Built 1788
Neoclassicism in Design Wedgwood Vase in the Style of a Greek Urn, 1815 Portrait of Madame De Verninac, Jacques-Louis David
Neoclassicism Main Ideas Reaction against excess / consumption of the Rococo Admiration of Ancient Greek and Roman style Use of columns, mythical creatures, heroes of the past Idea that the past was a purer, more moral, more “ideal” time
BIG EVENTS -- CATALYSTS The American Revolution – 1776 The French Revolution – 1789 Napoleon Crowned emperor of France – 1803 Haitian Revolution – 1789-1804 (first successful Slave revolt)
Romanticism 1780-1850 • triumph of individualism and the emotions • Occurs after the French Revolution - emphasis on nature as symbolic of emotional life • The “romantic hero” • Celebration of rebellion against authority, individual freedom • Celebration of personal expression
Jacques-Louis David Napoleon at St. Bernard’s Pass 1800oil on canvas9 ft. 11 1/2 in. x 7 ft. 2 in.
What does Romanticism look like? • Often what ties these together is the approach, rather than the style • Subject matter has to do with the individual, with emotions, with real historical events • We can often recognize dramatic skies as a common element
Francisco Goya The Third of May, 1808 1814oil on canvas8 ft. 8 in. x 11 ft. 3 in.
ThéodoreGéricault Raft of the Medusa 1818-1819oil on canvas16 x 23 ft.
Caspar David Friedrich Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog 1818 oil on canvas
Caspar David Friedrich Monk by the Sea 1809-10 oil on canvas
Joseph Mallord William Turner The Slave Ship 1840oil on canvas2 ft. 11 11/16 in. x 4 ft. 5/16 in.
