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Gender Equity in Sanitation: Lessons from Jharkhand

Explore the challenges and progress in achieving gender-inclusive sanitation in Jharkhand. Discover the unique initiatives empowering women in the sector.

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Gender Equity in Sanitation: Lessons from Jharkhand

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  1. Gender and Inclusive Sanitation: Learnings from Jharkhand Aradhana Patnaik, IAS Secretary Dept of Drinking Water and Sanitation, GoJ

  2. JHARKHAND State profile Total population – 32,988,134 • Male – 1,69,30,315  • Female – 1,60,57,819 Tribal population – 26% Forest cover– 29% Literacy rate – 66.41% Sex ratio – 941 women per 1000 men Infant Mortality Rate – 29 infant deaths (below 1 yr age) per 1000 live births* Maternal Mortality Rate – 165 deaths births per 1,00,000 live births* Sanitation Coverage Oct 2014 Sept 2018 • Source: Census 2011 and SRS 2016* • Source: SBM MIS Sept 2018

  3. Challenges in Access to Sanitation ,Coverage, Quality • Cultural Barriers Hard to reach areas • Sanitation was not in the agenda of community • Lack of trained Human Resources at every stage Lowest sanitation coverage in Country Common gender-related barriers and bottlenecks Traditionally mostly male involved in construction Excessive time burden & responsibilities for women & girls Lack of resources and decision- making among females Limited access to knowledge, information and technology Lack of safety and mobility

  4. WHY WOMEN? • Commitment towards: • Sustainable Development Goal 5 Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. • Sustainable Development Goal 6.2 Achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations  • Sustainable Goal 10 Reducing inequality • Existing opportunities: • 50% of the Panchayati Raj Institution members are women • Active women led self help groups across the state

  5. PROGRESSIVE GOVERNMENT POLICIES ENABLING WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION STATE NATIONAL Guidelines on gender issues in sanitation Appointment of Jal Sahiyas (Helper/Sister in need) • SwachhtaSankalpAbhiyan • (Cleanliness Pledge Campaign) Swachhta Shakti week during International Women’s Day • Engages Self Help Groups (SHGs) throughout the state and trains women as masons • Rani Mistris (women mason) convention • Training of Rani Mistris • Felicitation of women Mukhiyas, Jal Sahiyasand Rani Mistris A women cadre that works as the Village Water and Sanitation Committee’s (VWSC) treasurer to manage SBM funds at the village level Involving women beyond awareness and demand generation in the implementation of the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM)

  6. Incorporating a gender and equity lens at each stage

  7. Strategies Facilitating participation and inclusion Creating opportunities Focusing on how decisions are made SWACHHTA SABHA ON 2nd OF EVERY MONTH IN ALL GPs WITH ENHANCED WOMEN PARTICIPATION • FOCUSSED TRAINING OF WOMEN MASONS AND INCLUSION OF MORE SHGs IN MISION

  8. UNIQUENESS OF JHARKHAND JAL SAHIYA A cadre, formed in 2011, of frontline women workers responsible for water, sanitation and hygiene issues in their respective villages Treasurer of the village water sanitation committees (VWSC) and Joint signatory for SBM fund that comes to VWSC account RANI MISTRI WaterAid/Anindito Mukherjee • Cadre of women masons, popularly known as Rani Mistri encouraged and trained by State government in each district • To meet the masonry requirement and create a pool of locally trained women masons

  9. POSITIVE EFFECT ON LEADERSHIP AND EMPOWERMENT JAL SAHIYAS 10% perceived increase in husband helping with household chores 20% perceived increase in ability to take critical decisions in household matters 10% perceived increase in ability to go outside for work Economic Parameters Social Parameters Empowerment Parameters 34% are sole income earners 90% report increased respect from family and community members 73% report personality development 6% report improved financial status National Study by WATER AID 2018

  10. POSITIVE EFFECT ON LEADERSHIP AND EMPOWERMENT RANI MISTRIS 15% perceived increase in help from husband with household chores 15% perceived increase in ability to take critical decisions in households jointly 20% perceived increase in ability to take household decisions by self Economic Parameters Social Parameters Empowerment Parameters 33% are sole earning member of their families On an average, work 11 days in a month 95% would like to continue their work as a Rani Mistri 55% believe they have positively influenced other women and girls to take up similar roles National Study by WATER AID 2018

  11. Impact of Gender and Inclusive Sanitation

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