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Lingua inglese 3 2017-2018 prof. Chiara Degano

Explore translation theories & practical approaches across various genres in specialist texts. Discussion on linguistic levels, online resources, and evaluation methods in Italian-English translation.

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Lingua inglese 3 2017-2018 prof. Chiara Degano

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  1. Lingua inglese 3 2017-2018prof. Chiara Degano Lesson 1

  2. Organizzazione • Ricevimento • Giovedì 10,30-12,30 stanza 23. Controllare modifiche sulla pagina docente del sito di Macroarea • Lettorati • Gruppo A (A. Smith) • Gruppo B (da definire) • Traduzione italiano-inglese - gruppo A (A. Smith) • Traduzione italiano inglese – gruppo B (da definire)

  3. Modulo • Il corso offre un’introduzione sia teorica sia pratica alla traduzione di testi specialistici appartenenti a generi diversi, in ambiti quali il discorso economico-commerciale (ivi compreso il turismo), scientifico e dei media. In particolare, verranno affrontati alcuni problemi traduttologici fondamentali, prendendo in analisi livelli linguistici diversi quali quello terminologico, lessico-grammaticale, sintattico e discorsivo. Particolare attenzione verrà riservata all’uso di risorse online a supporto della traduzione quali glossari e corpora.

  4. Valutazione modulo (esame finale) • Parziale (esonero) • Prova di traduzione inglese-italiano e italiano-inglese • Orale • Modalità 1 Domande su • teoria della traduzione • strategie di traduzione • strutture morfo-sintattiche della lingua inglese • La docente potrà inoltre chiedere allo studente di leggere ad alta voce (in inglese) e tradurre a vista dall’inglese all’italiano • Modalità 2 • Progetto di traduzione • 400-500 parole, testo specialistico/divulgativo • Corredato da schermate di ricerche fatte online o sul altre fonti • Discussione su difficoltà/ strategie

  5. Bibliografia • Laviosa, Sara 2008. “LinkingWor(l)ds”. Lexis and Grammar for Translation Studies. Napoli: LiguoriEditore. • Laviosa, Sara 2012. “Corpus linguistics in translationstudies”. In Carmen Millan-Varela and Francesca Bartrina (eds.) Routledge Handbook of Translation Studies. London and New York:Routledge. 239-251. • Garzone, Giuliana 2002. Observations on the definitionoftranslation. In UniversityTranslationStudies (3rd edition), FedorovReadings III. Proceedingsof the 3rd annual International Conference on TranslationStudies, St. Petersburg 26-28 October 2001. pp. 140-159.

  6. Job interview • Translation into Italian?

  7. https://www.dropbox.com/s/736ez18guns92w6/Screenshot%202017-10-02%2011.49.58.png?dl=0https://www.dropbox.com/s/736ez18guns92w6/Screenshot%202017-10-02%2011.49.58.png?dl=0

  8. Intervista di lavoro?

  9. Neighborhood restaurant • Translation into Italian?

  10. Ristorante di quartiere? • Other options? • Native speaker competence not always enough (specialised jargon/new concepts) • Problem of equivalence

  11. Reflection on translation • Forcenturies, theoreticalreflection on translationhasfocussed on the problemofequivalenceof the Target Text (TT) with the Source Text (ST). • A numberofbi-polaroppositionshavebeenformulated: • Literal-free • Faithful-unfaithful • Overt – covert (House 1981) • Formalcorrespondence vs dynamicequivalence (Nida-Taber 1969) • Semantic vs communicativetranslation (Newmark 1981) • Actualization vs historicisation / domestication vs foreignization (Venuti 1995) • Oppositionnotresolvedbutovercome, astheoreticalreflectionhasmoved up to a higherlevelofspeculation, addressing the complexityoflanguage in useas a stratifiedsemiotic system

  12. Whendominatedby the concernforequivalence, the dabate on translationfocussed on lexico-grammaticalproblems (parallelto the developmentoflinguistics) • Startingfrom Saussure, the scope oflinguisticsexpandedtoencompasshigherlevelsofsignification and communication, leadingto a stratifiedconceptionoflanguage

  13. Language as a multi-level semiotic process Semantic Pragmatic/communicative Cultural Esthetic Lexico-grammaticalencoding/decoding The basicleveloflinguistic (lexico-grammatical) encoding/decodingisdominatedby the higherlevels

  14. The meaning of a sentence is only partly expressed explicitly (i.e. linguistically codified), therefore retrievable in the text • The implici part is reconstructed through inference, relying on data relevant to each communicative act, and on conceptual data.

  15. An example • There is no electricity in the Feather Down Tent itself, so to create the right luxury camping atmosphere within, we use romantic oil lamps and candles. Electricity sockets are nearby at the honesty shop or shower block to, for example, charge your phone.

  16. Feather Down offers you the ideal ingredients for camping on your farm holidays: • A living space of 45 m2 • 3 bedrooms • Proper beds with comfy mattresses • A fully equipped kitchen with cold running water tap • A flushing toilet • Solid wooden floor boards throughout

  17. Whichwould be the best trasnlation for a camping brochure/website? • WC attaccato alla fogna • WC con sciacquone • Bagno interno/privato …And why?

  18. Early ’80s: turning point • Shift of perspective: from prescriptive to descriptive/functionalist approach. • The relation between the TT and the ST looses centrality (dethronement of the ST) common to functionalist and descriptive approaches

  19. Functionalist approach • Mainly concerned with non-literary texts • Translation choices depend on the purpose the TT is meant to have in the target language community • equivalence is supplanted by adequacy: the TT should function adequately in the target culture • Hans Vermeer /Katarina Reiss (1984)

  20. Descriptive translation studies • Equivalenceis no more conceived in absoluteterms: itvariesacrosstime and space. • In the target culture the translated text becomes part ofitspolysystem and functions in relation to the structureof the receiving culture • E.g. the HolyBiblehasplayed an importantrole in Western culturesirrespectively of theirdegrre of (in)accuracy in rendering the ST. (Toury 1991)

  21. Another example: • Alexander Pope’s vs William Cowper’s translationof the Iliad • Pope’s versionpurgedofelementsaliento the sensitivityof XVIII century England (crude referencetowounds, dismemberment…) • Cowper’s versionislesspopular, and ‘fuctions’ less in the TC (lesspleasanttoread) but more accurate in renderingHomer’s world and values.

  22. In bothfunctionalist and descriptiveapproaches, contextual and cultural considerationsprevailoverlinguistic/contrastive concerns. • Linguisticfactsreceivehardlyanyattention • However, theyhavehad the meritofshiftingattentionfrom the lowerlevelsofsemiosis (lexico-grammaticalencoding) tohigherlevels, whichgovern the wholeprocess.

  23. As a consequenceofthisshiftofperspective, more thanonetranslation project mightbelegitimate, depending on the useitwillbe put to. • E.g. insurancecontract: • Ifusedfor the stipulationofcontracts in foreigncountries: “legal” equivalence (target-languageorientedapproach); • Ifusedas court evidence, comingas a parallel text: source-languageorientedapproach.

  24. In Language for Special Purposes translators are required to produce TL texts that read naturally, i.e. that sound like TL originals.

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