1 / 24

Critical Thinking

Learn about the nature of arguments, including premises, conclusions, and indicators, and how to analyze and diagram arguments effectively.

tdominguez
Download Presentation

Critical Thinking

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Critical Thinking

  2. What is an argument? An argument is an attempt to convince someone of something It is composed of statements A statement is a sentence or phrase that is either true or false

  3. The truth or falsity of a statement is called its truth value This truth value is what distinguished statements from other types of sentences that are neither true or false

  4. The statements that are claimed to provide the support or evidence are called premises The statement that the other are claimed to support is called the conclusion

  5. October is either the month after August or the month after September • October is not the month after August (3) Thus, October is the month after September What are the premises? What is the conclusion?

  6. I’m so tired of having to go to the library to do my research (2) Can you believe that half of the reference materials I found there were outdated? (3) Let’s just tear down the library and do our research online. What are the premises? What is the conclusion?

  7. The proposed highway expansion should be rejected. • Evidence suggests that bigger freeways often have more traffic than smaller ones. • The highway expansion will also place an unnecessary tax burden on the county. What are the premises? What is the conclusion?

  8. Handout • Aplia • 1,2,3

  9. Conclusion Indicators Words or phrases that can help you identify which statement in an argument is the conclusion See page 14

  10. Handout • Aplia • 4. Conclusion Indicators

  11. Premise Indicators Words or phrases used to signal that a particular reason or piece of evidence supports that conclusion of and argument See page 14

  12. Handout • Aplia • 5. Premises Indicators

  13. Identifying Statements in an Argument Many times, premises and conclusions appear in various orders Multiple premises may be in one sentence When you analyze the argument, you need to identify each individual statement

  14. Handout • Aplia • 6. Identifying Statements in an argument

  15. Enthymemes • Unstated conclusion or premise

  16. Handout • Aplia • 7,8,9 Enthymemes

  17. Not Arguments • Assertions • Questions • Instructions • Descriptions

  18. Standard Form • (1) Premise 1 • (2) Premise 2 • Therefore • (3) Conclusion

  19. Handout • Aplia • 13

  20. Main & Sub Arguments • (1) Premise 1 • (2) Premise 2 • Therefore • (3) Conclusion 1 (Premise 3) • (4) Premise 4 • Therefore • (5) Conclusion 3 (Main Conclusion)

  21. Handout • Aplia • 14,15

  22. Diagramming • Draw a picture of the argument

  23. Handout • Aplia • 16,17

  24. Handout • Aplia

More Related