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BIOSECURITY FOR CONTROL OF BIRD FLU AND FUTURE STRATEGY WITH REFERENCE TO INTERNATIONAL SCENERIO

BIOSECURITY FOR CONTROL OF BIRD FLU AND FUTURE STRATEGY WITH REFERENCE TO INTERNATIONAL SCENERIO. BY- Dr. A.T.Venugopalan. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS. H1:15 H1:16 N1: 09 N1:10 ENDEMIC IN 16 COUNTRIES SOUTH-EAST ASIA: 11 COUNTRIES

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BIOSECURITY FOR CONTROL OF BIRD FLU AND FUTURE STRATEGY WITH REFERENCE TO INTERNATIONAL SCENERIO

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  1. BIOSECURITY FOR CONTROL OF BIRD FLU AND FUTURE STRATEGY WITH REFERENCE TO INTERNATIONAL SCENERIO BY- Dr. A.T.Venugopalan

  2. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS • H1:15 H1:16 • N1: 09 N1:10 • ENDEMIC IN 16 COUNTRIES SOUTH-EAST ASIA: 11 COUNTRIES • 140 MILLION POULTRY CULLED • PERSISTENT RESERVOIR • HUMAN 228 CASES – 130 FATAL • LARGEST CLUSTER OF HUMAN INFECTION IN INDONESIA • AI INFECTED COUNTRIES – 57

  3. PROPHYLACTIC VACCINATION AGAINST AI • USED IN FRANCE AND NETHERLANDS • FOR SPECIFIC BIRDS IN SPECIALIZED REGIONS • VIGOROUS SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL MEASURES • 14/25 EU COUNTRIES REPORTED AI • H5N1 IN MAMMAL: CAT & MARTEN

  4. IMPACT OF AI – FAO/OIE/WHO • ENDEMIC IN 16 COUNTRIES • POTENTIAL FOR A PANDEMIC HUAN INFLUENZA • WORLD BANK ESTIMATES LOSS OF 2% GDP OF WORLD

  5. RECOMMENDATIONS • INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND SURVEILANCE FOR INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATION • NATIONAL/REGIONAL/INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATION • SURVEILLANCE • VACCINATION • POST VACCINATION SURVEILLANCE • BIOSECURITY • RESEARCH PRIORITIES

  6. HUMAN INFLUENZA CASES DEATH 2003 3 3 2004 46 32 2005 95 41 2006 to 06/06/2006 81 52 TOTAL 225 128

  7. OIE • NAI • HPNAI • LPNAI • Notifiable poultry diseases • Freedom from NAI • Freedom from HPNAI • TAHC OF 2006 • International Veterinary Certificates • Disease free Country / Zone / Compartments

  8. DIRECTIVE 2005/94/EC • Scientific Committee on Animal Health and Animal Welfares • EFSA • TAHC – OIE • MDTV – OIE • ECDC

  9. CONTROL OF LPAI • Control measures of LPAI ; differ from HPAI • R 853/2004 – Specific Hygienic Rules for foods of animal origin • R 852/2004 – Hygiene of Food Stuffs

  10. SUSPECTED OUT BREAKS • POULTRY STATISTICS • NO POULTRY OR OTHER CAPTIVE BIRDS MAY ENTER OR LEAVE THE HOLDINGS • NO EGGS LEAVE THE HOLDINGS • MOVEMENT RESTRICTION • PROTECTION ZONE : 3 KM • SURVEILLANCE ZONE : 10 KM

  11. EU RESTRICTION ON MOVEMENT OF — • VEHICLES • PERSONS FOR FEED SUPPLY, EGG COLLECTION • TRANSPORT TO SLAUGHTER HOUSE • VETERINARIANS OR PERSONS SUPPLYING FARM EQUIPMENTS

  12. EU LPAI CONFIRMED • CONTROL MEASURES SIMILAR TO HPAI • DEPOPULATION: • KILLED • SLAUGHTER • RESTRICTION ZONE : 1 KM

  13. DIAGNOSIS OF AVIAN INFLUENZA • DIAGNOSIS MANUAL OF OIE • MINIMUM BIOSECURITY REQUIREMENTS & QUALITY STANDARD TO BE OBSERVED BY APPROVED LABS CARRYING OUT TESTS FOR DIAGNOSIS OF AI • DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS : HPAI / LPAI • DIVA • AI VIRUSES, GENOMES, ANTIGENS,VACCINES FOR RESEARCHES, DIAGNOSIS OR MANUFACTURE OF VACCINES SHALL BE MANIPULATED OR USED ONLY IN PLACES OR ESTABLISHMENTS OR LABS APPROVED BY COMPETENT AUTHORITIES. • REFERENCE LABORATORIES NATIONAL LABORATORIES FIELD LABORATORIES

  14. EU VACCINATIONS EMERGENCY VACCINATION • An Outbreak Within the Member States • An Outbreak in a Nearby Member State • AI Confirmed in Poultry or Other Captive Birds in a Nearby Third Country • DIVA Vaccine

  15. EU VACCINATIONS PREVENTIVE VACCINATION IN POULTRY OR OTHER CAPTIVE BIRDS • Long term measures • Risk assessment • Types of husbandry • DIVA vaccine • Record of vaccinated animals • Serology of vaccinated stock • Surveillance on vaccination area • Approval of Preventive Vaccination Plan

  16. EU BIOSECURITY • Approval of the Disinfectants • A thorough soaking of bedding and litters as well as fecal matter with disinfection • Dismantling of equipments and installations • Cleaning by brushing and scrubbing • Final disinfection

  17. EU BIOSECURITY CONTAMINATED BEDDING, MANURES, SLURRY • Steam treatment at 70°C • Burning • Deep burial • Stacked to heat sprayed with disinfectants for at least 42 days

  18. MASS VACCINATION AGAINST POULTRY ECDC WARNING • Surveillance for human cases may becoming harder • Silent circulation of H5N1 in poultry • Indonesian episodes

  19. Monitoring in the Vaccination zone • 20 serum samples per flock • HI titer greater than 1:16 in more than 70% tested samples to prove that vaccination is effective. • 30 to 60 clearly identified unvaccinated sentinel birds must be placed in each house. • 10 to 20 serum samples collected from sentinels must be tested every 30 – 45 days (ELISA/HI). • If the sentinels seroconvert the flock is considered avian influenza positive and must be culled.

  20. H9N2 • H9N2 is a potential pathogen • H9N2 has got genetic relationship with H5N1 • Since 1990 always H9N2 is followed by H5 or H7 • H9 alone in SPF chicks – 0% mortality; but along with E.Coli or coliforms- 80% mortality • Under field conditions H9 is a potential pathogen: PAKISTAN – 80% IRAN -- 60%

  21. ADVANTAGES Vacc. Reduces risk of infections Higher amount of viruses needed for infecting vaccinated animals Vacc. Flock is less likely to have AI If outbreaks occurs in vacc. flock- a) Slower spread b) Reduced mortality DISADVANTAGES Vacc. Doesn’t provide 100% protection Vaccinated flock still become infected if there is field exposure with high levels Mask the outbreak of disease Risk of spreading Vaccination without surveillance may lead to endemic infection of LPAI Strict surveillance is absolutely essential Strict surveillance in large scale - expensive Vaccination Against AI – FACTS

  22. TRADE IMPLICATIONS • Fresh meat, meat products and table eggs from vaccinated poultry can be traded. • Once accompanied by a veterinary certificate verifying that they have come from healthy virus free poultry. • The same stipulations applies to third countries who are seeking trade with EU

  23. CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR HPAI (H5N1) IN ASIAINCIDENT ACTION PLAN • Preventing contact b/w susceptible animals and HPAI agents is accomplished by the following actions: quarantine and movement controls, biosecurity measures and epidemiological investigations with risk assessments, tracing and surveillance. • Stopping the production of the agent by the infected animals. • Increasing the disease resistance of susceptible animals. This is accomplished by strategic vaccination.

  24. LIVESTOCK LAWS OF MONGOLIA • Under existing laws owners of animals are required to report infectious diseases including AI, to veterinarians. • Veterinary authorities are empowered to take appropriate action against infected farms and pay compensation for livestock that are destroyed. • The main livestock law is supported by a number of regulations.

  25. DIAGNOSIS IN MONGOLIA • A small nos. of antigen detection kits for use in the event of a suspected outbreak of disease. • Reagents for immunofluroscence on impression smears from dead birds. • Reagents for performing HI tests. • Reference antiserum for H5, H7, and H9 viruses to allow partial identification of AI viruses.

  26. IDENTIFIED BIOSAFETY LABORATORIES • NATIONAL REFERENCE CENTER • National Institute of Virology, Pune • REGIONAL REFERENCE CENTERS • National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Delhi • King Institute of Preventive Medicine, Chennai • Virology Section, AIIMS, New Delhi • NICED (Virus Unit), Kolkata

  27. TESTING OF LOCAL POULTRY FARMS IN MONGOLIA • Local poultry farms will be tested for AI antibody • A total samples of 14 will be collected from each poultry farm. Samples will be tested initially by gel diffusion. Any positive samples will be tested by HI using H5, H7 and H9 antigens.

  28. TESTING OF WILD BIRDS MONGOLIA • RT-PCR for influenza virus will be conducted on all samples.

  29. LIVESTOCK LAWS: MONGOLIA • Under existing laws owners of animals are required to report infectious diseases to veterinarians. • Veterinary authorities are empowered to take appropriate action action against infected farms. • The main livestock law is supported by a number of regulations.

  30. AVIAN INFLUENZA SURVEILLANCE • No country can declare itself free from avian influenza in wild birds • Surveillance for NAI should be in the inform of continuing programme designed if established that the country, zone or compartments for which application is made is free from NAIV infection. • A surveillance system in accordance with appendix 3.8.1 should be under the responsibility of the veterinary administration in particular.

  31. AVIAN INFLUENZA SURVEILLANCE • NAI surveillance programme should: • Early Warning • Approved laboratory • Serological/ Virological monitoring • Active / Passive surveillance

  32. NAI FREE ESTABLISHMENT WITH IN HPAI FREE COMPARTMENTS 3.X.X.6 • Absence of NAIV INFECTIONS • Random testing of virus detection/isolations and serology interval – 21 days • Lab results 3.X.X.7 • Official test – HI test is reliable • AGID – NP/H antibodies in chicken

  33. ARTICLE 2.7.12.12 When importing from a HPNAI free country, zone or compartment veterinary administrations should require: Eggs for human consumption • Come from a country, zone or compartment free from HPAI. • Come from establishments in which there has been no evidence of NAI in the past 21 days. • Have had their surfaces sanitized (in accordance with Article 3.4.1.7) and are transported in new packing material.

  34. LABORATORY NETWORKS APPROVED LABS FOR AI WORKS • STATE VETERINARY COLLGES • REGIONAL DISEASE DIAGNOSTIC LABS (RDDLS) OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND DAIRYING • HSADL, BHOPAL • IVRI, IZZATNAGAR • IVRI, BANGALORE • IVRI, KOLKATA • IVRI, MUKTESWAR ALL TOGETHER MORE THAN 40 LABS RANBAXY, INDIA – 14.02.06 – 350 CENTERS – RESULT IN 24 Hrs. File No: 5091/2003. LDT (Aq) 27.5.05; Notification of AHD: 3.2.04; Press Release: 3.2.04

  35. IN OTHER COUNTRIES • USA > 40 LABORATORIES • Pakistan > 12 LABORATORIES • Canada > 7 LABORATORIES

  36. DOMESTIC BIRD SURVEILLANCE • POULTRY CANADA:12 birds from about 60 farms in each sector USDA: 60 birds/month at each establishment Breeder flocks: tested through out life Sentinel birds: DAHD 3% Namakkal:3 crores Sentinel: 9 lakhs Bhopal Lab: 1,00,000 per year Namakkal Alone: 9 years for one set of samples

  37. CREATION OF DISEASE FREE COMPARTMENT / ESTABLISHMENT • Draft is prepared by State Government as per updated international guidelines. • OIE • FAO • WHO • WTO • SPS

  38. TAMILNADU • Tamilnadu is largest exporter of: Table eggs and Egg products. Without export the price stability can not be maintained. The industry is day by day detoriating due to financial crisis. As on date a farmer of Namakkal ( 1 lakh layer population is incurring loss of Rs. Of 15,000/-to Rs. 20,000/- per day). 80% of egg exported from India originates from Tamilnadu.

  39. TAMILNADU 2. For creation of Disease free compartment/Disease free establishment One or two compartment Total establishment – 50 units Egg products – 15 Export of egg – 35 3. Approved Labs : TANUVAS – 3 ( as per WHO/OIE/FAO guidelines) AHD 17 – as per FAO guide lines. 4. No additional expenditure: Already man power/equipments buildings available.

  40. BIOSECURITY • FARM ENTRANCE • SHED • WATER • FEED • ENVIRONMENT • MORTALITY • PRODUCTION • EVALUATION OF BIOSECURITY

  41. CHEMO-STERILANT • ETHYLENE OXIDE • CHLORINE DI OXIDE • HYDROGEN PER OXIDE • PAR ACETIC ACID • GLUTERALDEHYDE • FORMALDEHYDE

  42. USE OF CHEMO STERILANT • WATER: HP • FEED: FORMALIN • ENVIRONMENT: Clo2 • Laboratory Evaluation

  43. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES FOR POULTRY • GARLIC • COLLOIDAL SILVER • OIL OF OREGANO • ECHINACEA • GRAPE SEED EXTRACT • ANTIOXIDANTS

  44. THANK YOU

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