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Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. Purpose: Create ATP molecules from Glucose! Who uses this? ALL LIVING ORGANISMS. Two Types: 1. Anaerobic Respiration: occurs in Cytoplasm *organisms do NOT use oxygen! *Inefficient for multicellular organisms.

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Cellular Respiration

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  1. Cellular Respiration • Purpose: Create ATP molecules from Glucose! • Who uses this? ALL LIVING ORGANISMS. • Two Types: 1. Anaerobic Respiration: occurs in Cytoplasm *organisms do NOT use oxygen! *Inefficient for multicellular organisms. 2.Aerobic Respiration: cytoplasm and mitochondrion *organisms USE oxygen. *Efficient for multicellular organisms

  2. GLYCOLYSIS • Glyco: sugar Lysis: dissolving • Process that breaks down GLUCOSE to obtain ATP molecules! • Occurs in the Cytoplasm • 1st step in BOTH Aerobic and Anaerobic Respirations. • NAD is an enzyme that picks up H and electrons

  3. What happens during Glycolysis? • 2 ATPS are used to break glucose apart. 6 Carbon Glucose molecule is broken into 2 Pyruvic Acids (3 Carbon sugar) are created. 2. Net vs. Gross energy Process Made: 4 ATPS (Gross #) Used: 2 ATPS 4 – 2 = 2 ATPS (Net #)

  4. Products of Glycolysis • From the break down of C6H12O6 (Glucose): • 2 Pyruvic Acids  moves to the next chemical reaction. (either anaerobic or aerobic respiration) • 2 ATPs (NET #) • NADH (taxi-cab; transports H ions) moves to the next chemical reaction. (either anaerobic or aerobic respiration) Oxygen is available Aerobic Respiration occurs NO OXYGEN = Anaerobic Respiration occurs

  5. Anaerobic Respiration • Steps: • Glycolysis: 2 ATPs made • Fermentation: 0 ATPS made • Both steps occur in the Cytoplasm This is why this organelle is the site of many chemical reactions! Who uses Anaerobic Resp. ? Bacteria, plants, fungus (yeast), and animals (muscle cells only)

  6. ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION • Yeast, plants and bacteria use this. 2. 0 ATP made; NAD is regenerated 2 Pyruvic Acids + 2 NADH  2 Ethanol (Alcohol) + 2 CO2 + 2 NAD

  7. ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION • Products made from alcoholic fermentation: • 2 NAD, 2 Ethanol, and 2 CO2 Food/Beverage Products made from this process: • Breads • Beer • Wine

  8. Lactic Acid Fermentation 1. Fungus, plants, bacteria, and animal muscle cells use this. 2. 0 ATP made; NAD is regenerated Step: 2 Pyruvic Acids + 2 NADH  2 Lactic Acid + 2 NAD • Lactic acid builds up: In animals causes soreness of muscles. Lactic acid is shipped to liver and converted back into a sugar.

  9. LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION • Products made from Lactic Acid Fermentation: • 2 NAD, 2 Lactic Acid Food Products made from this process: Yogurt Soy sauce Sauerkraut

  10. Review of Anaerobic Respiration • Occurs in the cytoplasm • Steps: 1. Glycolysis: 2 ATPs 2. Fermentation: Lactic Acid or Alcoholic: 0 ATPs Inefficient: 2 ATPs/Glucose

  11. Aerobic Respiration • C6H12 O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

  12. Aerobic Respiration • Requires oxygen to make ATP. • Process begins in the cytoplasm and ends in a mitochondrion. • Makes 18X more ATP molecules than anaerobic respiration (36 in aerobic and 2 in anaerobic)

  13. Structure of a Mitochondrion • Inner and outer membranes similar to the cell membrane • Matrix and Cristae

  14. Steps of Aerobic Respiration • 1. Glycolysis: occurs in the CYTOPLASM Products: 2 Pyruvic Acids 2 ATP (net #), 2 NADH

  15. Krebs Cycle (Citric Cycle) 2. Krebs cycle • Occurs in matrix of mitochondrion • Products: 2 ATPs Diagram in book: p. 227

  16. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) • Occurs in the cristae of a mitochondrion • FADH2 and NADH enter and create: • 32 ATP • H2O • Carrier molecules (FAD and NAD) return to beginning of the cycle

  17. Aerobic Respiration Products • Glycolysis: 2 ATPs • Krebs: 2 ATPs • ETC: 32 ATPs • TOTAL: 36 ATPs/Glucose. Carbondioxide, Water • How does this compare to Anaerobic?

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