To Study the Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates through Copper Slag and Coarse Aggregate

1. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume 3 Issue 6, October 2019 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470 To Study the Partial Replacement o Copper Slag and Coarse Aggregates Coarse Aggregates by Recycled Aggregates Achal Jain1, Nitin Thakur2 the Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates through with through y Recycled Aggregates 1M.Tech Student, M.Tech Student,2Assistant Professor f Civil Engineering, OM Institute of Technology and Management, Hisar 1,2Department of Civil Engineering nd Management, Hisar, Haryana, India ABSTRACT Natural resources are depleting worldwide while at the same time the generated wastes from the industry are increasing substantially. The sustainable development for construction nonconventional and innovative materials, and recycling of waste materials in order to compensate the lack of natural resources and to find alternative ways conserving the environment. So, this paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties of concrete mixtures in which fine aggregate (sand) was replaced with Copper Slag. The fine aggregates (sand) was replaced with percentages 0% (for the control mixture), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% 60%, 80%, and 100% of Copper Slag by weight. Tests were performed for properties of fresh concrete and Hardened Concrete. Compressive strength and Flexural strength were determined at 7, 28 and 56days. The results indicate that workability increases with increase in Copper Slag percentage. Test results indicate significant improvement in the strength properties of plain concrete by the inclusion of up to 80% Copper slag as replacement of fine aggregate (sand), and can be effectively used in structura Also as percentage of Copper Slag increased the density of concrete increased. The workability of concrete increased with increase in percentage of copper slag. Toughness of copper slag is found to be more, which increases the compressive and flexural strength of concrete. KEYWORDS: Copper Slag, Concrete, Compressive strength, Fine Aggregate, Flexural strength, Replacement etc How to cite this paper: Achal Jain | Nitin "To Study the Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates through Copper Slag and Coarse Aggregates by Recycled Aggregates" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456- , Volume-3 | 6, October 2019, pp.287-292, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2 How to cite this paper Thakur "To Study the Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates through Copper Slag and Coarse Aggregates by Recycled Aggregates" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456 6470, Volume Issue-6, October 2019, pp.287 https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2 8104.pdf Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0) Natural resources are depleting worldwide while at the same time the generated wastes from the industry are increasing substantially. The sustainable development for construction nonconventional and innovative materials, and recycling of waste materials in order to compensate the lack of natural resources and to find alternative ways conserving the environment. So, this paper presents the results of an tal investigation carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties of concrete mixtures in which fine aggregate (sand) was replaced with Copper Slag. The fine aggregates (sand) was replaced with percentages 0% (for the control mixture), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of Copper Slag by weight. Tests were performed for properties of fresh concrete and Hardened Concrete. Compressive strength and Flexural strength were determined at 7, 28 and 56days. The results with increase in Copper Slag percentage. Test results indicate significant improvement in the strength properties of plain concrete by the inclusion of up to 80% Copper slag as replacement of fine aggregate (sand), and can be effectively used in structural concrete. Also as percentage of Copper Slag increased the density of concrete increased. The workability of concrete increased with increase in percentage of copper slag. Toughness of copper slag is found to be more, involves the use of IJTSRD28104 Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ lexural strength of concrete. Copper Slag, Concrete, Compressive strength, Fine Aggregate, (CC (CC BY BY 4.0) 4.0) INTRODUCTION One of the main development elementis concrete comprising of cementitious substances, f coarse aggregate also, water. Presently days the cost of these materials are expanded in this way, we have to analyze an approach to diminish the building materials cost particularly concrete. One of the ongoing headway in development industry is substitution of materials in concrete. The substitution of materials offers cost decrease, vitality funds and security of condition [1].Concrete is one of the real upsets ever of. Many surprising landmarks were concrete. Be that as it may, now daily in the present situation the regular assets are being depleted to manufacture the concrete wilderness. Prior to common assets are totally exhausted, it is smarter to pick other elective assets for binder, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate [4]. Green or natural concrete is an idea to utilize ecological accommodating elements in concrete, to form a framework more supportable. The natural concrete is all the time and furthermore shabby to create, on the grounds that for instance, waster items are utilized as a fractional substitute1for aggregates and cement, charges for the for aggregates and cement, charges for the transfer of waste are maintained a strategic distance from, vitality utilization underway is lower, and toughness is more noteworthy. This solid ought not to shading. Waste could be1used to deliver new products or could also be used as admixtures with the goal that regular assets are constrained and use more efficiently nature is shielded from squander stores. Inorganic remaining items like stone residue, smashed marble squander are utilized as green totals in concrete. This task outlines the different endeavors’ in progress to enhance the ecological invitingness of cement to make appropriate as a "Green Building" material The Portland Pozzolona cement (PPC) significant fixings utilized for the arrangement of concrete. Shockingly, generation of cements prompts discharge of a lot of CO2 gas into1the air, a not greenhouse impact and the worldwide warming. Hence it is required either to mission for another material or somewhat supplant it by1some other material. Conveying concrete in huge aggregate in assembling plants particularly impacts the greenhouse gasses release he greenhouse gasses release [2]. One of the main development elementis concrete comprising of cementitious substances, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate also, water. Presently days the cost of these materials are expanded in this way, we have to analyze an approach to diminish the building materials cost particularly concrete. One of the ongoing headway in ry is substitution of materials in concrete. The substitution of materials offers cost decrease, vitality funds and security of condition .Concrete is one of the real upsets ever of. Many surprising landmarks were t as it may, now daily in the present situation the regular assets are being depleted to manufacture the concrete wilderness. Prior to common assets are totally exhausted, it is smarter to pick other elective assets for binder, fine aggregate and coarse transfer of waste are maintained a strategic distance from, vitality utilization underway is lower, and toughness is noteworthy. This solid ought not to be mistaken for its used to deliver new products or could also be used as admixtures with the goal that regular assets are constrained and use more efficiently also the shielded from squander stores. Inorganic remaining items like stone residue, smashed marble squander are utilized as green totals in concrete. This task outlines the different endeavors’ in progress to enhance the ecological invitingness of cement to make it appropriate as a "Green Building" material[5]. manufactured manufactured utilizing utilizing Portland Pozzolona cement (PPC) is one of the significant fixings utilized for the arrangement of concrete. Shockingly, generation of cements prompts discharge of a the air, a noteworthy benefactor for greenhouse impact and the worldwide warming. Hence it is required either to mission for another material or some other material. Conveying concrete in huge aggregate in assembling plants Green or natural concrete is an idea to utilize ecological accommodating elements in concrete, to form a framework more supportable. The natural concrete is all the time and furthermore shabby to create, on the grounds ter items are utilized as a fractional @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD28 28104 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 287

2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 There are numerous elective assets like fly ash, marble powder, GGBS, reused aggregates and so on. In this setting it's smarter to pick the locally accessible materials for substitution [4]. On the other sides, the utilization of sand in development results in exorbitant sand mining which is frightful. Because of quick development in development action, the accessible wellsprings of natural sand are getting depleted. Likewise, great quality sand may must be transported from long separation, which adds to the cost of development. Along these lines, it is important to supplant normal sand in concrete by a substitute material either somewhat or totally without bargaining the quality of concrete [3]. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 1.To calculate the Optimum content of copper concrete. 2.To find out the values of strength properties like flexural strength, Split WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE The1workability of the concrete mix was workability1of concrete. The slump va1ues are provided in table 4.l. There are numerous elective assets like fly ash, marble powder, GGBS, reused aggregates and so on. In this setting it's smarter to pick the locally accessible materials for compressive strength of the concrete having recycled aggregates and Copper slag 3.To find out some fresh characteristics of the concrete. FUTURE SCOPE OF THE STUDY For further research and further study, copper slag could be used in a form of cement replacing element, and the scope for the same could be analysed extensively in the future. Other wasted resou concrete. EXPERIMENTAL WORK GENERAL Here in this section, the analysis of outcomes of the different tests discussed in the concrete sample is done. This analysis depends on the different values of the S compressive1strength test, of the consisting of1recycled coarse aggregates and Copper slag. recycled coarse aggregates and Copper slag. compressive strength of the concrete having recycled aggregates and Copper slag characteristics of the concrete. FUTURE SCOPE OF THE STUDY For further research and further study, copper slag could be used in a form of cement replacing element, and the scope for the same could be analysed extensively in the future. Other wasted resources can also be utilized in ation of sand in development results in exorbitant sand mining which is frightful. Because of quick development in development action, the accessible wellsprings of natural sand are getting depleted. Likewise, great quality sand may must be m long separation, which adds to the cost of development. Along these lines, it is important to supplant normal sand in concrete by a substitute material either somewhat or totally without bargaining the quality Here in this section, the analysis of outcomes of the different tests discussed in the1previous chapter1on the concrete sample is done. This analysis depends on the different values of the Split tensile1strength and strength test, of the1concrete sample culate the Optimum content of copper5slag in To find out the values of strength properties like flexural strength, Split tensile tensile strength, strength, and and workability of the concrete mix was1measured by slump test. The slump1test was used to measure of concrete. The slump va1ues are provided in table 4.l. test was used to measure1the Table: Workability of1Concrete Designation -0 -1 10 % CS -2 20 % CS -3 30 % CS -4 10 % RCA -5 20 % RCA -6 30 % RCA -7 10 % CS + 10 % RCA -8 10 % CS + 20 % RCA -9 10 % CS + 30 % RCA 10 20 % CS + 10 % RCA 11 20 % CS + 20 % RCA 12 20 % CS + 30 % RCA 13 30 % CS + 10 % RCA 14 30 % CS + 20 % RCA 15 30 % CS + 30 % RCA Designation M- M- M- M- M- M- M- M- M- M- M-10 M-11 M-12 M-13 M-14 M-15 Mix Control Slump in mm 62 59 58 54 60 59 57 58 54 49 54 52 46 51 48 42 Workability of Concrete Workability of Concrete 65 60 Slump 55 50 M-0 M-1 M-2 M-3 Figure: Workability of Concrete by using Copper Slag only Figure: Workability of Concrete by using Copper Slag only @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD28 28104 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 288

3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 Workability of Concrete Workability of Concrete 63 62 61 60 59 58 Slump 57 56 55 54 M-0 M-4 M-5 M-6 Figure: Workability Workability1of Concrete1by using recycled aggregates only by using recycled aggregates only Workability of Concrete Workability of Concrete 80 60 40 Slump 20 0 M-0 M-13 M-14 M-15 Figure: Workability of Concrete by using 20 % Copper Slag and 10 to 30 % Recycled aggregates Workability of Concrete by using 20 % Copper Slag and 10 to 30 % Recycled aggregates Workability of Concrete by using 20 % Copper Slag and 10 to 30 % Recycled aggregates COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST The concrete strength depends on various aspects like the cement type, quality or proportion of copper slag, recycled aggregates and curing temperature. The compressive test1was performed confirming to IS1516- Table: Compressive Table: Compressive1strength of Concrete cubes The concrete strength depends on various aspects like the cement type, quality or proportion of copper slag, recycled The concrete strength depends on various aspects like the cement type, quality or proportion of copper slag, recycled aggregates and curing temperature. The compressive1strength results are given in1Table 4.2. Compressive -1959 to achieve the test results for concrete at the age of 7 and 1959 to achieve the test results for concrete at the age of 7 and128 days. Table 4.2. Compressive1strength Compressive1strength 7 Days 17.78 18.55 19.85 22 17.40 16.75 15.68 Designation Designation Mix 28 Days 28.2 30.52 32.6 35.2 27.57 26.52 24.67 M- M- M- M- M- M- M- -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 Control 10 % CS 20 % CS 30 % CS 10 % RCA 20 % RCA 30 % RCA 10 % CS 10 % RCA 10 % CS 20 % RCA 10 % CS 30 % RCA 20 % CS 10 % RCA 20 % CS 20 % RCA 20 % CS 30 % RCA 30 % CS 10 % RCA 30 % CS 20 % RCA 30 % CS 30 % RCA M- -7 18.18 29.8 M- -8 17.48 28.30 M- -9 16.57 27.35 M-10 10 19.18 32.1 M-11 11 18.56 30.2 M-12 12 17.51 29.05 M-13 13 21.3 33.95 M-14 14 20.42 32.6 M-15 15 19.12 31.45 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD28 28104 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 289

4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 Compressive strength of concrete 40 Compressive strength 35 30 25 7 Days 20 15 28 Days 10 5 0 M-0 M-1 M-2 M-3 Figure: Compressive strength of Concrete by using Copper Slag only Compressive strength of Concrete by using Copper Slag only Compressive strength of Concrete by using Copper Slag only Compressive strength of concrete 40 Compressive strength 35 30 25 7 Days 20 15 28 Days 10 5 0 M-0 M-1 M-2 M-3 Figure: Compressive strength of Concrete by using recycled aggregates only Compressive strength of Concrete by using recycled aggregates only Compressive strength of Concrete by using recycled aggregates only SPLIT TENSILE1STRENGTH TEST The1split tensile1strength examination was performed to confirm to IS 516 aged 7 days and 28 days. A Compression1 outcomes are displayed in table 4.3. strength examination was performed to confirm to IS 516-1959 so as to achieve the value of concrete 1Testing1Machine (CTM), of 1000Kn capacity was1 1959 so as to achieve the value of concrete 1used to test the cylinders. The Table: Split Table: Split1tensile strength1of Concrete cubes Split tensile strength 7 Days 1.564 1.635 1.782 1.859 1.392 1.340 1.254 Designation Designation Mix 28 Days 2.538 2.687 2.983 3.395 2.237 2.135 2.098 M M M M M M M M-6 M-0 M-1 M-2 M-3 M-4 M-5 Control 10 % CS 20 % CS 30 % CS 10 % RCA 20 % RCA 30 % RCA 10 % CS 10 % RCA 10 % CS 20 % RCA 10 % CS 30 % RCA 20 % CS 10 % RCA 20 % CS 20 % RCA 20 % CS 30 % RCA 30 % CS 10 % RCA 30 % CS 20 % RCA M M-7 1.549 2.415 M M-8 1.487 2.343 M M-9 1.356 2.233 M- -10 1.583 2.767 M- -11 1.509 2.652 M- -12 1.407 2.525 M- -13 1.848 3.218 M- -14 1.781 3.132 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD28 28104 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 290

5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 Split tensile strength of concrete 4 3.5 Split tensile strength 3 2.5 7 Days 2 28 Days 1.5 1 0.5 0 M-0 M-1 M-2 M-3 Figure: Split tensile strength of Concrete by using Copper Slag only Split tensile strength of Concrete by using Copper Slag only Split tensile strength of Concrete by using Copper Slag only Split Tensile strength of concrete 3 2.5 Split Tensile strength 2 7 Days 1.5 28 Days 1 0.5 0 M-0 M-4 M-5 M-6 Figure: Split tensile strength of Concrete by using recycled aggregates only Split tensile strength of Concrete by using recycled aggregates only Split tensile strength of Concrete by using recycled aggregates only Split Tensile strength of concrete 3 2.5 Split Tensile strength 2 7 Days 1.5 28 Days 1 0.5 0 M-0 M-7 M-8 M-9 Figure: Split tensile strength of Concrete by using 10 % Copper Slag and 10 to 30 % Recycled aggregates Split tensile strength of Concrete by using 10 % Copper Slag and 10 to 30 % Recycled aggregates Split tensile strength of Concrete by using 10 % Copper Slag and 10 to 30 % Recycled aggregates @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD28 28104 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 291

6. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 Split Tensile strength of concrete 3 2.5 Split Tensile strength 2 7 Days 1.5 28 Days 1 0.5 0 M-0 M-10 M-11 M-12 Figure: Split tensile strength of Concrete by using 20 % Copper Slag and 10 t Split tensile strength of Concrete by using 20 % Copper Slag and 10 to 30 % Recycled aggregates o 30 % Recycled aggregates [6]Ata El-kareim S. Soliman , Mostafaabdel Osman “Efficiency of using discrete fibers on t Shear Behavior of R.C. beams”, in Shams Engineering Journal (2012) REFERENCES i [1]A. Avci, H. Arikan, A. Akdemir [25 August 2003] “Fracture behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer composite”, Cement and Concrete Research 34 (2004), pp. 429-434. kareim S. Soliman , Mostafaabdel-megied Osman “Efficiency of using discrete fibers on the of R.C. beams”, in Shams Engineering A. Avci, H. Arikan, A. Akdemir [25 August 2003] “Fracture behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer composite”, Cement and Concrete Research 34 [7]M S Shetty (1987, Concrete Technology Theory and Practices, Chand & Company, New Delhi Practices, Chand & Company, New Delhi M S Shetty (1987, Concrete Technology Theory and [2]Ashour A. F. “Flexural and shear capacities of concrete beams with GFRC”, Construction and Materials 20 (2006), pp.1005-1015. and shear capacities of concrete beams with GFRC”, Construction and [8]Saint GobainVetrotex, Cem Alkaline Resistant Glass Fibers”, In Technical data sheet”s, www.cemfil.com www.cemfil.com Saint GobainVetrotex, Cem – Fil. (2002), “Why Alkaline Resistant Glass Fibers”, In Technical data [3]Chandramouli K., Srinivasa Rao P. Pannirselvam N. SeshadriSekhar T. and Sravana P. Properties Of Glass Fiber Concrete”, Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 5, 2010. Chandramouli K., Srinivasa Rao P. Pannirselvam N. SeshadriSekhar T. and Sravana P. “Strength [9]Ghugal. Y. M, Deshmukh. resistant glass fiber reinforced concrete. Journal of reinforced plastics and composites, Vol. 25, No. 6/2006. p. 617-6304 M, Deshmukh. S. B, Performance of alkali- resistant glass fiber reinforced concrete. Journal of reinforced plastics and composites, Vol. 25, No. ARPN Journal of eering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 5, No.4, April [4]Dr. Srinivasa Rao. P and SeshadriSekhar .T “Strength and Durability properties of glass fibre reinforced concrete” Proceedings of International Conference ACECON2005 , 22-25 Sept 2005 , ICI Conference Mumbai ,India PP 67-72. Srinivasa Rao. P and SeshadriSekhar .T “Strength and Durability properties of glass fibre reinforced concrete” Proceedings of International Conference 25 Sept 2005 , ICI- Asian [10]Muthuramu, K. L., Chandran, Karunanidhi, S., Strengthening of reinforced concrete elements using glass fiber. 35th conference on ‘Our world in concrete & structures’ Singapore Concrete Institute. 2010. Chandran, A., Govindarajan, S., S., Strengthening of reinforced concrete elements using glass fiber. 35th conference on ‘Our world in concrete & structures’ Singapore Concrete [5]Frederick T. Wallenberger, James C. Watson, and Hong Li. “Glass Fiber” (2001) ASM International, Handbook, Vol.21: Composites. Frederick T. Wallenberger, James C. Watson, and (2001) ASM International, ASM [11]Rama Mohan Rao. P, SudarsanaRao. "Effect Of Glass Fibres International Journal Of Civil And Structural Engineering, Volume 1, No3,ISSN0976–4399,(2010) Rama Mohan Rao. P, SudarsanaRao. H, Sekar. S. K, "Effect Of Glass Fibres On Fly Ash Based Concrete” International Journal Of Civil And Structural @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD28 28104 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 292