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DUMBO: Networking in an Emergency. Kanchana Kanchanasut Internet Education and Research Lab & School of Engineering and Technology Asian Institute of Technology THAILAND. Emergency Communications. What we use when many things are not working well! (Fred Baker, Cisco)
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DUMBO: Networking in an Emergency Kanchana Kanchanasut Internet Education and Research Lab & School of Engineering and Technology Asian Institute of Technology THAILAND AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
Emergency Communications What we use when many things are not working well! (Fred Baker, Cisco) 100% Zero infrastructure => something that works AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
Issues to be addressed • Temporary services • Service outages and subject to attacks • Limited resources • Equipment • Power supplies • Manpower • Need for preferential traffic/services for authorized users AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
More.. • Work under stress! • Poor working conditions • Life saver • Rapid dissemination of announcements • Support bi-party and/or group communications • Services • Expert consultations • I AM ALIVE (eg. WIDE Project) • Missing persons AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
Outline • Lessons from 2004 Tsunami • Design principles • DUMBO Project • 2006 DUMBO I • 2008 DUMBO II • 2010 DUMBO III AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
Digital Ubiquitous Mobile Broadband OLSR(DUMBO) • Lessons from the Tsunami 2004 ==> Design Principles: To turn ordinary laptops and PDAs to live-saving network and platform for effective recovery management AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
Choices of Wireless Technologies Short Range (WPAN) • Bluetooth • 100 meters (Class 1) • 10 meters (Class 2) • 1 meter (Class 3) • 2.1 - 3 Mbps (v2.0) • 2.4 GHz • ZigBee • 250Kbps @ 2.4 GHz • 40 Kbps @ 915MHz • 20 Kbps @ 868MHz • 10 – 100 meters • Remote control • Low data rate ! Medium Range (WLAN) • WiFi 802.11 b/g/n • 2.4GHz • 11 ~ 200+ Mbps • 30~200 meters • IEEE P802.11 C2C • 5.9 GHz DSRC • US-flavored • a.k.a. WAVE • ETA : 2009 ? • CALM • WAVE+Global 5GHz • GPRS/UMTS conn. • EU flavored Long Range • EDGE • 0.9 – 1.89Mbps • Licensed Freq. • CDMA2000 EV-DO • Rev.0 153K – 2Mbps • Rev.A 1.8 – 3 Mbps • Licensed Freq. • WiMaX • 10-70 Mbps • Licensed Freq. EXPENSIVE INFRASTRUCTURE! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_wireless_data_standards http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/11/Reports/tgp_update.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZigBee_specification http://www.zigbee.org/ AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
OLSR • Optimized Link State Routing Protocol • IETF RFC 3626 • Proactive Link State MANET Routing Protocol • Based on the Multipoint Relays (MPR) technique • Implementations (Open source): • INRIA (http://hipercom.inria.fr/olsr/ ) • Unik ( http://www.olsr.org ) • NRL (http://cs.itd.nrl.navy.mil/work/olsr/index.php ) AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
Services • Short messages • VOIP • Push-to-Talk • E-mail/File transfer • Real-time streaming • Group conferencing • Internet AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
DUMBO I Stand-alone MANET
2006 DUMBO I: V-2-V MANET AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
2006: DUMBO I • Self-configuring/healing Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) through WiFi and Satellite Networks • For ground relief workers to collaborate in jungle environment • Vehicles in used were elephants • Multimedia Applications (EasyDC) • Rich conversations • P2P • Sensor integration (LiveE! Project) • Face recognition application AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
PDA PDA Internet Satellite Scenario Field Satellite Access IP Star Uplink MANET OLSR IP Star Gateway Field Satellite Access Terrestrial Internet MANET OLSR Simulated Disaster Area 2 sensor Simulated Head Command Center (AIT) Simulated Disaster Area 1 AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
Satellite B Field Satellite Access C Gateway Uplink OLSR Field Satellite Access Terrestrial Internet OLSR Disaster Site 2 (PDA and Laptops) A Command HQ Disaster Site 1 (PDA and Laptops) AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
Multimedia Communications for Disaster Emergency Responses • Interactive Video, Voice, and Instant Messaging • very important to situational awareness • Peer-to-Peer Paradigm ( no centralized server ** ) AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
Application Face Recognition : to search and identify people AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
Vehicles Elephants can assist search and rescue workers We contribute multimedia communications and collaborative applications AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
Public DemonstrationDecember 1, 2006 Simulated head command center in AIT AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
DUMBO II MANET + Infrastructure
DUMBO ll: A V-2-I Emergency Network 2008 ITST Conference, Phuket AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
Objectives 1 Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications with mixed vehicle types 2 Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Internet-like Gateway 3 A newly revised Emergency Response Multimedia Communication Applications (P2PSIP) AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
1. V2V Scenario -- mixed types of vehicles AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
Equipment List • Power Station2 (Wifi Access Point) • Microclient Jr. (Mobile Router) • Ultraclient (OLSR Router) • Laptop PC (MNN) • EeePC (MNN) • Desktop PC (HA, Tunnel Server, CN) AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
DUMBO II Experiments • OLSR + Internet • MANEMO (MANET + NEMO) with mobile routers communicating with • TD/NINA Protocol • OLSR Protocol AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
OLSR in DUMBO II • We deployed post disaster communication network • OLSR network connected to the infrastructure • Using a OLSR gateway with 2 interfaces, ad hoc wireless mode connecting to OLSR network and LAN connecting to HQ. • EasyDC was the P2P application on MANET supporting VoIP, VDO, and Instant messaging, using our P2P SIP overlay network • Rescuers could make any kinds of communication to other rescuers or HQ • It was distributed, thus there was no need to setup any centralized SIP server • P2P SIP provide session and terminal mobility AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
OLSR DUMBO II topology OLSR network Tuk tuk boats OLSR gateway 12 nodes • 6 EEE PCs • 5 Ultraclients • 1 OLSR GW AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
2. V2I Scenario -- with access points + group movements Sea Vehicles Fixed Terrestrial Infrastructure Land Vehicles AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
Network Mobility (NEMO) • When a whole IP subnet moves, how does it retain connectivity with different infrastructures ? • Addressing, Home network, Visited network, Mobile router, Access Router • http://www.mobilenetworks.org/nemo/ • NEMO Platform for Linux (NEPL) • http://www.nautilus6.org/doc/nepl-howto/ AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
Mobile Router Mobile Network Nodes NEMO Home Network Internet Visited Network Access Router B Access Router A AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
MANEMO • Each of MANET and NEMO alone may not answer to our Post-Disaster Communication Network requirements !! • MANEMO = MANET + NEMO • It is an emerging research area: • http://www3.ietf.org/proceedings/07mar/slides/manet-11.pdf • http://www.mobileip.jp/MANEMO/MANEMO.html AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
MANEMO • MANEMO = Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) for Network Mobility (NEMO) • NEMO provides session connectivity • NEMO Mobile Router (MR) acts as a MANET node and exchange information with other MRs (TD/NINA vs OLSR) • MANET provides optimal exchange of information between local networks • Nested NEMO extends the network coverage AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
MANEMO(cont.d) • We can deploy Head-quarter freely in the Internet • Each Vehicle for rescue work usually equipped with MR • Rescue terminal requirement is only IP (same as NEMO) • By using MANEMO, the problem of NEMO such as multiple encapsulation in nested case, redundant path inside nested MRs, and the isolated network without Home Agent can be solved AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
MANEMO Internet Access Router B Access Router A AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
MANEMO Internet Access Router B Access Router A AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
Physical topology The blue line represents the communication path between boat and HQ AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
Dealing with session and terminal mobility Cross-layered approach (utilizing useful information from the routing layer) with OLSR Information delivery: streaming, store-and- forward, RSS feeds Intelligent information processing 3. Emergency Applications AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
Deployment Issues • Locating optimal positions to setup wifi devices • Re-configuration • MANEMO is more complex as compared to OLSR • Sea Sickness • Battery Lifetime AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
Work in Progress • Auto re-configuration • Parameter settings • Active Networks • Mapping and location information • Google Map • GeoDraw AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
Technical Partners • HIPERCOM INRIA (France) • http://hipercom.inria.fr/ • WIDE (Japan) • http://www.wide.ad.jp/about/research.html • And perhaps a few more. AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
DUMBO II Team @ Phuket AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
Acknowledgement • DUMBO II work is supported by Intelligent Transport System Program of the National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), Thailand • Special thanks to the students of Prince of Songkla University, Phuket for their help during demonstration at Phuket AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
DUMBO II Participants • Kanchana Kanchanasut, (AIT) • Thirapon Wongsaardsakul, (AIT) • Hajime Tazaki, (WIDE Project, Japan) • Anis Laouti, (Hipercom/INRIA andTelecom SudParis, France) • Manutsiri Chansutthirangkool, (AIT) • Khandakar Rashedul Arefin, (AIT) ++ AIT students AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
DUMBO-MM Cyclone Nargis on May 2, 2008 Ayeyarwaddy, Myanmar www.interlab.ait.ac.th/myanmar/cyclone/
AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan 2 May 2008 – Nargis cyclone hit Myanmar. • Devastated Five Divisions and States including Yangon. • Delta areas, the worst-hit, with the heaviest casualties and infrastructural damages. • Communication infrastructure was down in cyclone hit areas. • Electricity Black-out. • Very limited transportation.
AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan DUMBO-Myanmar • Useful in handling of relief, recovery and resettlement activities aftermath of Nargis Cyclone. Coordination Program • Phase I: Introductory Phase of DUMBO • Part I: Training for Myanmar Engineers at AIT • Part II: DUMBO Deployment • Phase II: Utilization of DUMBO systems by government agencies and iNGOs
Trainings for Myanmar Engineers at intERLab/AIT21 – 25 May 2008 AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan
Introducing DUMBO in Myanmar 26 May 2008: Myanmar Egress HQ, Yangon • Presentation/report to Myanmar Egress/NAG partners, Myanmar Computer Professional Association (MCPA) • Technical overview • Network requirements • Benefit/features of system • Project plan (DRAFT) 27 May- 2 June 2008: Myanmar Engineer’s site visits to Pyapon and Bogale Townships AsiaFI-APAN Joint Workshop Taiwan