English 102 Paraphrasing: Exercise

1. English 102 Paraphrasing: Exercise

2. What is a paraphrase? A paraphrase is your rendition of essential information and ideas expressed by someone else, presented in a new form: most words changed to your own and the sentence structure changed from the original’s. It is a legitimate way (when accompanied by accurate documentation) to borrow from a source, and it is a more detailed restatement than a summary, which focuses concisely on a single main idea. Why it’s advantageous: Paraphrasing helps you to control the temptation to use direct quotation too much. The mental process required for successful paraphrasing helps you better grasp the full meaning of the original.

3. # 1 “The Antarctic is the vast source of cold on our planet, just as the sun is the source of our heat, and it exerts tremendous control on our climate," [Jacques] Cousteau told the camera."The cold ocean water around Antarctica flows north to mix with warmer water from the tropics, and its upwellings help to cool both the surface water and our atmosphere. Yet the fragility of this regulating system is now threatened by human activity.” From "Captain Cousteau," Audubon (May 1990): 17. Sent. 1: compound-complex Sent. 2: compound Sent. 3: simple quote within a quote ‘‘‘The Antarctic is the vast source of cold on our planet, just as the sun is the source of our heat, and it exerts tremendous control on our climate,’ . . . ” (qtd in “Captain” 17).

4. Possible answer for 1 According to Jacques Cousteau, the activity of people in Antarctica is jeopardizing a delicate natural mechanism that controls the earth's climate. He fears that human activity could interfere with the balance between the sun, the source of the earth's heat, and the important source of cold from Antarctic waters that flow north and cool the tropic oceans and atmosphere (17). Original structure Sent. 1: compound-complex Sent. 2: compound Sent. 3: simple Paraphrased structure Sent. 1: complex Sent. 2: complex

5. Jacques Cousteau, 1910 -1997

6. # 2 “The twenties were the years when drinking was against the law, and the law was a bad joke because everyone knew of a local bar where liquor could be had.They were the years when organized crime ruled the cities, and the police seemed powerless to do anything against it.Classical music was forgotten while jazz spread throughout the land, and men like Bix Beiderbecke, Louis Armstrong, and Count Basie became the heroes of the young.The flapper was born in the twenties, and with her bobbed hair and short skirts, she symbolized, perhaps more than anyone or anything else, America's break with the past.” From Kathleen Yancey, English 102 Supplemental Guide (1989): 25. Sent. 1: compound-complex Sent. 2: compound-complex Sent. 3: compound-complex Sent. 4: compound

7. Possible answer for 2 During the twenties, lawlessness and social nonconformity prevailed.In cities, organized crime flourished without police interference, and, in spite of nationwide prohibition of liquor sales, anyone wishing to buy a drink knew where to get one. Musicians like Louis Armstrong become favorites, particularly among young people, as many turned away from highly respectable classical music to jazz.One of the best examples of the anti-traditional trend was the proliferation of young "flappers," women who rebelled against custom by cutting off their hair and shortening their skirts (Yancey 25). Original structure Sent. 1: compound-complex Sent. 2: compound-complex Sent. 3: compound-complex Sent. 4: compound Paraphrased structure Sent. 1: simple Sent. 2: complex Sent. 3: complex Sent. 4: complex

8. Louis Armstrong, 1901-1971 Count Basie, 1904-1984 Bix Beiderbecke, 1903-1931 Flappers

9. # 3 “Of the more than 1000 bicycling deaths each year, three-fourths are caused by head injuries.Half of those killed are school-age children.One study concluded that wearing a bike helmet can reduce the risk of head injury by 85 percent. In an accident, a bike helmet absorbs the shock and cushions the head." From "Bike Helmets: Unused Lifesavers, Consumer Reports (May 1990): 348. Sent. 1: simple Sent. 2: simple Sent. 3: complex Sent. 4: simple

10. Possible answer for 3 The use of a helmet is the key to reducing bicycling fatalities, which are due to head injuries 75% of the time. By cushioning the head upon impact, a helmet can reduce accidental injury by as much as 85%, and it can save the lives of hundreds of victims annually, who are mostly school children ("Bike Helmets" 348). Original structure Sent. 1: simple Sent. 2: simple Sent. 3: complex Sent. 4: simple Paraphrased structure Sent. 1: complex Sent. 2: compound-complex

12. # 4 "Matisse is the best painter ever at putting the viewer at the scene.He's the most realistic of all modern artists, if you admit the feel of the breeze as necessary to a landscape and the smell of oranges as essential to a still life. The Casbah Gate depicts the well-known gateway Bab el Aassa, which pierces the southern wall of the city near the sultan's palace. With scrubby coats of ivory, aqua, blue, and rose delicately fenced by the liveliest gray outline in art history, Matisse gets the essence of a Tangier afternoon, including the subtle presence of the bowaab, the sentry who sits and surveys those who pass through the gate." From Peter Plagens, "Bright Lights." Newsweek (26 March 1990): 50. Sent. 1: simple Sent. 2: complex Sent. 3: complex Sent. 4: complex

13. Possible answer for 4 Matisse’s paintings are remarkable in giving the viewer the distinct sensory impressions of one who experiences the scene firsthand.For instance, The Casbah Gate takes one to the walled city of Tangier and the Bab el Aassa gateway near the Sultan's palace; here one can imagine standing during an afternoon, absorbing the splash of colors and the fine outlines, where even the sentry, the bowaab vaguely eyeing those who come and go through the gate, blends into the scene as though real (Plagens 50). Original structure Sent. 1: simple Sent. 2: complex Sent. 3: complex Sent. 4: complex Paraphrased structure Sent. 1: complex Sent. 2: compound-complex

14. HenriMatisse 1869-1954

15. # 5 “While the Sears Tower is arguably the greatest achievement in skyscraper engineering so far, it's unlikely that architects and engineers have abandoned the quest for the world's tallest building.So I ask; is there a height limit? Structural engineer William LeMessurier has designed a skyscraper nearly one-half mile high, twice as tall as the Sears Tower. And architect Robert Sobel claims that existing technology could produce a 500-story building.”From Ron Bachman, Reaching for the Sky." Dial (May 1990): 15. Sent. 1: complex Sent. 2: compound Sent. 3: simple Sent. 4: complex

16. Possible answer for 5 The Sears Tower is a world marvel, and many speculate how much higher skyscrapers of the future will rise.However, the design of one twice as tall as the Sears Tower is already on the boards, and an architect, Robert Sobel, is one who thinks that we currently have sufficient know-how to build a skyscraper over 500 stories (Bachman 15). Original Structure Sent. 1: complex Sent. 2: compound Sent. 3: simple Sent. 4: complex Paraphrased structure Sent. 1: compound-complex Sent. 2: compound-complex

17. Berj Khalifa 2717 feet

18. View from the top

19. Freedom Tower 1776 Feet

20. Helpful Web Sites AnalyzingSources AvoidingPlagiarism Safe Practices Citing Sources 2009 MLA Style Guide

21. English 102 Review of Note-taking and Types of Notes

22. Using Index Cards Compactness is efficient for many researchers. They are easy to organize. Often, researchers use 4 X 6 for Works Cited entries and note-taking. Normally, a researcher will copy one idea (from one source) on one card. Effect preciseness on both WC and notes to save time!!!

23. MLA form reference: Call Number Purdue’s OWL Collier, Peter, and David Horowitz.The Fords: An American Epic. New York: Summit-Simon, 1997. Print. Very good book for info on the Edsel / style and problems From SCC’s Library punctuation exaggerated and colored for emphasis medium designation Slug= a brief phrase to indicate the card’s content Alphabetizing, notecard abbreviation Location of source: Co

24. slug Admired features III B position in outline Some people admired “the push-button gear cluster at the center of the steering wheel” and other innovations (276). alphabetizer Type Structure Transcription Co Check phrasing Combo Simple

25. slug Naming the car IV C position in outline In 1955, the poet Marion Moore was asked by the Ford company to come up with names for its new product--the E Car--which came under much scrutiny from the public and automobile reviewers (285). alphabetizer Type Structure Transcription paraphrase Co Possible Revision Orig. = CPD

26. Note Sheets • Often not as efficient as cards, with regards to space, these may be your choice, but If you use them, • Do not take all notes from a source on the same sheet (Congestion!!) • Take notes topically • Identify each source author/title • Give yourself enough space between notes • These may be kept more accurately and re-arrangeable if you save them to a computer.

27. Coyle William, Research Papers 14th ed Personal Sources “Sometimes information can be obtained from a telephone call in lieu of a letter or personal interview. Identify yourself as a student, state the information you need, and ask to speak to someone who can supply it” (71). Taking notes “Be sure you have all the information that you need and that you have the correct information.” . . . If you are using an internet source, be sure to record the complete URL [for your benefit] and the date you accessed the site” (74). Be sure to check omitted words and note italics in original

28. Photocopies This technique saves time and, might possibly, save transcription errors. However, you may find a burden in the number of pages you carry. Remember, though, even if you do not choose this method, you must still submit in your envelope any printout/copy from which you have cited information, the words highlighted and numbered according to their place in the essay’s in-text citation sequence.

29. Types of Notes Quotation :Accuracy, Authority, Conciseness, and Vividness Paraphrase or summary:This is the one to double check, regarding transcription; often the cause of inadvertentplagiarism Outline Note: Mainly for recording factual information Combination Note: A blending of both quotation and condensation Personal Note: A “safeguard against memory lapses”

30. Helpful Web Sites Analyzing Sources Avoiding Plagiarism Types of Notes Citing Sources 2009 MLA Style Guide

31. English 102 Taking Notes: Exercise

32. Card # 1 Call Number Purdue’s OWL Klaw, Spencer.Without Sin: The Life and Death of the Oneida Community. New York: Penguin,1993. Print. Very good book for info on Oneida women, dress, etc. Location: SCC’s Library “slug” alphabetizer MLA Guidelines K

33. Purdue’s OWL Bishop, Morris.“The Great Oneida Love-in.” American Heritage Feb.1969:14+. Print. cogent article on Noyes’ control of community Location: SCC’s Library MLA Guidelines B

34. Purdue’s OWL Hillebrand , Randall.“The Shakers / Oneida Community.” (Part Two).New York History Net. n. d.Web. 23 Sept. 2005. (2009 MLA formatting for web sites omits the URLs, but requires a medium designation, which follows the date of publication; if none, use n.d., as above) article contains ten of Noyes’ Doctrines Oneida History MLA Guidelines H

35. Pantalets design II B Card # 2 “Acting on a suggestion of Noyes, they cut two long dresses at the knees and used the discarded material to fashion ankle-length trousers, or pantalets, that would preserve the wearer’s modesty without restricting her freedom of movement” (136). Type Structure Direct Transcription K Complex Check punct.

36. Long dress wearers II B Card # 3 Oneida women who traveled wore the more traditional long dresses to prevent disparaging remarks from outsiders;this same style of dress was also common for elderly initiates (136). Structure Type K Transcription 2 CX sents. Possible Revision Summary chk orig

37. Clothing design II B Card # 4 The women of Oneida designed clothing that was more practical than “the voluminous, ground-dragging dresses, worn over layers of petticoats” favored by most non-community women (136). Type Structure Transcription Combo K N/A Check mechanics

38. practical dressers II B Card # 5 Community women were encouraged to be simple and practical in their dress because ostentation would put them at odds with Noyes’views regarding fashion (136). Type K Structure Transcription Paraphrase orig = C-CX Possible Revision check orig wording

39. Women’s defiance II B Card # 6 “Community women further defied convention by cutting their hair off to less than shoulder length [. . .] to save [. . .] the time needed to comb, brush, and put up long hair”(137). Type Structure Transcription Check omissions and punct. Direct K Simple

40. Helpful Web Sites Analyzing Sources Avoiding Plagiarism Types of Notes Citing Sources 2009 MLA Style Guide

42. Marianne Moore began to offer her list of names, which included such notables as "Resilient Bullet", "Ford Silver Sword", "Mongoose Civique", "Varsity Stroke", "Pastelogram" and "Andante con Moto". Final offer “Utopian Turtletop”

43. Quiz on Emily Thompson’s NCLB essay

44. 1 How does Emily construct her introduction as an effective lead-in to her controlling idea?

45. 2 In 1983 the Nation at Risk Report pointed to 13% of 17 year olds not being able to do what?

46. 3 What four disciplines did the Committee recommend strengthening?

47. 4 What does she see as the NCLB’s most contentious issue?

48. 5 What are the four main points debated in the essay?

49. 6 Why is her conclusion effective?