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Human Rights towards Gender Equality

Human Rights towards Gender Equality. Honor killing Honor violence Shame, Virginity,Chastity. Birgitta Essén, MD, associate professor Senior Lecturer in International Maternal Health Care Department of Women’s and Children’s Health IMCH, Uppsala University. Definitions.

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Human Rights towards Gender Equality

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  1. Human Rights towards Gender Equality Honor killing Honor violence Shame, Virginity,Chastity Birgitta Essén, MD, associate professorSenior Lecturer in International Maternal Health CareDepartment of Women’s and Children’s HealthIMCH, Uppsala University

  2. Definitions Killing of a member of a family or social group by other members, due to the belief of the perpetrators that the victim has brought dishonor upon the family or community. Honor killings are directed mostly against women and girls, but also to men.

  3. Definitions Chastity refers to the sexual behavior of a man or woman acceptable to the moral standards and guidelines of a culture, civilization, or religion.

  4. The perceived dishonor The result of one behavior, or the suspicion of such behavior: • Different dress code • Prevent an arranged marriage • Desiring to marry by own choice • Engaging in heterosexual acts outside marriage • Engaging in homosexual acts

  5. Different constructions of societies The Group vs the Individual Hjärpe 2005, Högdin 2006 Intersectionality: sex, gender, social class, education, generation/age

  6. Consequences for the individual • Prematuredeath, suicide(Fischbach 1997, Douki 2003, Bekker 1996). • Psyciatricillness(Essén 2007) • Socialisolation, threatsofexecution(Schlytter2010) • Physicaland sexual violence(Essén 2007)

  7. How common? 5,000 women and girls a year are killed by members of their own families. (A Human Rights and Health Priority". United Nations Population Fund. UNFPA,2007) Many women's groups in the Middle East and Southwest Asia suspect the victims are at least four times more.(id)

  8. How common? • 70 000 young people can not decide whom to marry • Immigr vs Swe: 20 & 3% women 13 & 2% men • 2700 youth not allowed having premarital sex due to family shame reasons • 1/4 & 1/8 lives in norms of chasticy • 7 & 3 % honor violence

  9. Independent risk factors • Religiousactiveparents (girls) • Etnicbackground (boys) • Lengthoftime in Sweden change boys’ norms of honor and chastitybut not girls’ (Ghadimi 2007)

  10. Rumours and Myths

  11. Human Rights towards Gender Equality Circumcision of Boys and Girls

  12. The laws? (2001:499) Has to be done by a skilled person Anesthesia has to be used Not agianst the will of the boy (1982:316) Forbidden any kind of non-medical injury in the external genitals independent the will of parents or the girl

  13. Different Reasons? ”We have to protect the boy from unskilled religious circumcizers” ”We have to protect the girl from barbaric tradidtion and culture”

  14. Comparable interventions? • Excision of forskin • Pricking-excision-infibualtion

  15. Health consequences Bleeding Pain Infection Urinary problem Longterm? Sexual consequences?

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