Overview

1. Strategic Overview, The National Defense Strategy and National Military Strategy of the United States of America LTC(P) Michael S. Bell, Ph.D., USAStrategic Concepts Branch, Strategy DivisionDirectorate of Strategic Plans & Policy(J5)The Joint Staff 4 March 2005

2. Overview Provide an overview of current and emerging strategic guidance: • National Security Strategy (NSS) • National Defense Strategy (NDS) • National Military Strategy (NMS) Provide foundation for QDR analyses, studies, and roles and missions review

3. Elements of National Security Strategy 2002 • Built on America’s unique position in the world. • Shaped by the threat of global terrorism. • Focused on making the world not just safer but better: • Actively create conditions for long-term peace and global prosperity. • Forestall or preempt hostile acts. National Security Goals • Political and economic freedom; • Peaceful relations with other states; and • Respect for human dignity Broad Approaches to Applying Power Instruments of National Power and Influence • Champion human dignity; • Strengthen alliances to defeat global terrorism and prevent attacks; • Defuse regional conflicts; • Prevent the threat of WMD; • Ignite global economic growth; • Expand the circle of development; • Develop agendas for cooperative action; • Transform national security institutions. • Means: • Diplomacy • Information • Military • Economic • Pillars: • Development • Diplomacy • Defense

4. “ultimate goal of ending tyranny in our world” Our world demands active approach “evil is real” and “must be confronted” “In the short-term we’ll defend ourselves by staying on the offensive. In the long-term we’ll work to spread liberty.” “if we show any uncertainty or weakness in this decade, this world will drift toward tragedy” Shift in emphasis from 2002 NSS: Defend: “defending the peace by taking the fight to the enemy” Protect: “protecting the peace by working with friends and allies and international institutions to isolate and confront terrorists and outlaw regimes” – Iran, Syria, N. Korea Extend: “extending the peace by supporting the rise of democracy…in the broader Middle East” Successes in Afghanistan and Iraq provide guide for future actions “America’s military is one of the world’s greatest forces for good.” “We’ll work to advance liberty in Afghanistan and Iraq, and elsewhere, and we’re going to prevail.” Preemption and prevention: “we must take threats seriously before they fully materialize” – “no option can be taken off the table” Presidential Direction and NSS Trends “The advance of freedom is the surest strategy to undermine the appeal of terror in the world”

5. DoD Functions Functions defined in Federal Regulation: • Support and defend the Constitution of the United States of America against all enemies, foreign and domestic. • Ensure, by timely and effective military action, the security of the United States, its possessions, and areas vital to its interest. • Uphold and advance the national policies and interests of the United States. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 32, Part 368, Section 3

6. Security Environment • Complex combinations of four strategic challenges: • Traditional • Irregular • Catastrophic • Disruptive National Defense Strategy Ends Defense Objectives • Secure the United States from direct attack; • Secure strategic access and retain global freedom of action; • Strengthen alliances and partnerships; • Establish favorable security conditions. Ways Means • Implementation guidelines • Active, layered defense • Continuous transformation • Capabilities-based approach • Managing risks Desired Attributes and Capabilities Key Activities to Focus Efforts Forces sized, shaped, and postured to support global operations • Assure allies and friends. • Dissuade potential adversaries. • Deter aggression and counter coercion. • Defeat adversaries

7. Determine capabilities required for a range of scenarios—force requirements from analysis of most likely, most dangerous, and most demanding circumstances. Tailored and increasingly rotational forward presence forces complemented by capabilities for prompt global action. Capable of surging forces into 2 separate theaters in 2 military campaigns that overlap in time—with potential for 1 win decisive level of effort. Operations related to the WOT span the construct. Stability operations integral part of campaigns—also lesser contingency or efforts of regional forces to control conflict. Force globally managed—no specified strategic reserve. Force-Sizing Construct 1 W O T Defend the U.S. Homeland Operate in and from Four Forward Regions to Assure, Dissuade, and Deter 4 2 Swiftly Defeat Adversaries 2 Swiftly Defeat Adversaries 1 Stability Operations Win Decisive 1 Lesser Contingencies Force Generation Capability Force Planning Guidance Basis for QDR analysis of force requirements on the most likely, dangerous, & demanding circumstances.

8. Campaign Definitions 2 • Campaigns to “swiftly defeat” the efforts of adversaries are undertaken to achieve a circumscribed set of objectives aimed at altering an adversary’s unacceptable behavior or policies, swiftly denying an adversaries operational or strategic objectives, preventing attacks or uncontrolled conflict escalation, and/or rapidly re-establishing security conditions favorable to the United States and its partners. “Swiftly defeating” adversary efforts could include a range of military activities – from stability operations to major combat that will vary substantially in size and duration. Examples of “swift defeat” campaigns include Operation(s) Desert StormandAllied Force. • Campaigns to “win decisively” are undertaken to bring about fundamental, favorable change in a crisis region and create enduring results. They likely entail lengthy periods of both major combat and stability operations; require regime change, defense, or restoration; and will include significant investments of the nation’s resources and time. “Win decisive” campaigns will vary significantly in size and scope but will be among the most taxing scenarios. Examples of conclusive campaigns include Operation(s) Just Causeand Iraqi Freedom. • Lesser Contingency Operations are undertaken to resolve or ameliorate particular crisis circumstances and typically describe operations more limited in scope and duration… 1 Based on objectives rather than anticipated level of effort

9. Functions of Major DoD Components Department of Defense 32 CFR 368.3 • Support and defend the Constitution of the United States of America against all enemies, foreign and domestic. • Ensure, by timely and effective military action, the security of the United States, its possessions, and areas vital to its interest. • Uphold and advance the national policies and interests of the United States. Defense Agencies & Field Activities Services Combatant Commands • Recruiting • Organizing • Supplying • Equipping (includes R&D) • Training • Servicing • Mobilizing • Demobilizing • Administering • Maintaining • Construction, outfitting, repair equipment • Construction, maintenance, repair of structures • 32 CFR 368.6 • Deterring Attacks • Carry out assigned missions/tasks • Assign tasks to subordinate commands for unified action • Plan/execute military ops to support NMS • Force protection/security for command • Certify readiness of JTFHQ or functional HQ staffs • Provide trained and ready joint forces to other combatant commands • UCP 2004 and 32 CFR 368.5 Functions are defined in DoD Directives for each Agency/Field Activity. 32 CFR 368.7; Listed in Enclosure 1 of DODD 5100.1

10. National Military Strategy Ends Guided by CJCS Priorities Win the War on Terrorism Enhance Joint Warfighting Transform the Force National Military Objectives • Protect the United States; • Prevent conflict and surprise attack; • Prevail against adversaries Ways Military Missions and Tasks Integrated Force Employment Concepts Means Force Design Force Size Joint Operating, Functional & Enabling Concepts • Implications of 1-4-2-1 Force Planning Construct • Capabilities to Achieve Full Spectrum Dominance…Today and Tomorrow Shaped by Strategic Principles Decisive Force Strategic Agility Integrated Operations Desired Joint Force Attributes Joint Force Functions

11. The NMS: Military Objectives and Tasks NSS Strategic Aim Help Make the world not just safer, but better Goals Political and Economic Freedom Peaceful Relations with other States Respect for Human Dignity Military Missions & Tasks Military Objectives • Counter threats close to their source • Protecting strategic approaches • Defensive actions at home • Support to civil authorities and consequence management • Creating a global anti-terrorism environment Protect the United States JOCs Defense Strategy • Objectives • Secure the U.S. from direct attack • Secure strategic access & retain global freedom of action • Strengthen alliances and partnerships • Establish favorable security conditions Sizing Constraints • Forward posture and presence • Promote security • Deterring aggression • Prevent surprise attacks • Eliminate safe havens • Preempt in self-defense • 1- Defend the Homeland • 4 – Operate in and from 4 Forward Regions • 2 – Swiftly Defeat Adversaries in Overlapping Campaigns • 1 – Win Decisive Campaign to Achieve Enduring Result • Limited Lesser Contingencies Prevent Conflict and Surprise Attack JOCs • Battlespace Preparation • Swiftly Defeat Adversaries in Overlapping Campaigns • Win Decisively to Achieve More Enduring Results • Conduct Post-conflict Stability and Reconstruction Operations Prevail Against Adversaries Key Activities Assure Dissuade Deter Defeat JOCs

12. The NMS: Joint Functions & Capabilities • Applying Force • Battlespace Shaping through Security Cooperation Activities and Exercises • Preemptive Global Strike • Counter Anti-Access & Area Denial • Forward Deterrence, Flexible Deterrent Options (FDOs) and Strategic (including Nuclear) Deterrence • Land Control, Maritime/Littoral Control, Air Control, and Space Control Operations, and CIP • Non-traditional Operations and Stability Operations • Defend against Air and Missile Threats • Interagency Interoperability Training • Support to Civil Authorities & Consequence Management • Deploying & Sustaining Military Capabilities • Forward Stationed, Rotational and Temporarily Deployed Capabilities • Strategic Lift • Force Generation & Management • Logistics • Securing Battlespace • Prevent WMD attacks • Protection & Homeland Defense • Achieving Decision Superiority • Battlespace Awareness and Persistent Surveillance • Command & Control, Network Operations, intelligence sharing, and Interagency Coordination • Network Operations and Strategic Communications

13. Questions

14. Executing the Strategy: Secure the U.S. NSS Strategic Aim Help Make the world not just safer, but better Goals Political and Economic Freedom Peaceful Relations with other States Respect for Human Dignity Military Tasks Military Objectives • Counter threats close to their source • Protecting strategic approaches • Defensive actions at home • Support to civil authorities and consequence management • Creating a global anti-terrorism environment Protect the United States JOCs Defense Strategy Strategic Objective Sizing Constraints • Forward posture and presence • Promote security • Deterring aggression • Prevent surprise attacks • Eliminate safe havens • Preempt in self-defense • 1- Defend the Homeland • 4 – Operate in and from 4 Forward Regions • 2 – Swiftly Defeat Adversaries in Overlapping Campaigns • 1 – Win Decisive Campaign to Achieve Enduring Result • Limited Lesser Contingencies Prevent Conflict and Surprise Attack Secure the United States JOCs Key Activities Assure Dissuade Deter Defeat • Battlespace Preparation • Swiftly Defeat Adversaries in Overlapping Campaigns • Win Decisively to Achieve More Enduring Results • Conduct Post-conflict Stability and Reconstruction Operations Prevail Against Adversaries JOCs

15. Secure Strategic Access NSS Strategic Aim Help Make the world not just safer, but better Goals Political and Economic Freedom Peaceful Relations with other States Respect for Human Dignity Military Tasks Military Objectives • Counter threats close to their source • Protecting strategic approaches • Defensive actions at home • Support to civil authorities and consequence management • Creating a global anti-terrorism environment Protect the United States JOCs Defense Strategy Strategic Objective Sizing Constraints • Forward posture and presence • Promote security • Deterring aggression • Prevent surprise attacks • Eliminate safe havens • Preempt in self-defense • 1- Defend the Homeland • 4 – Operate in and from 4 Forward Regions • 2 – Swiftly Defeat Adversaries in Overlapping Campaigns • 1 – Win Decisive Campaign to Achieve Enduring Result • Limited Lesser Contingencies Prevent Conflict and Surprise Attack Secure Strategic Access JOCs Key Activities Assure Dissuade Deter Defeat • Battlespace Preparation • Swiftly Defeat Adversaries in Overlapping Campaigns • Win Decisively to Achieve More Enduring Results • Conduct Post-conflict Stability and Reconstruction Operations Prevail Against Adversaries JOCs

16. Strengthen Alliances and Partnerships NSS Strategic Aim Help Make the world not just safer, but better Goals Political and Economic Freedom Peaceful Relations with other States Respect for Human Dignity Military Tasks Military Objectives • Counter threats close to their source • Protecting strategic approaches • Defensive actions at home • Support to civil authorities and consequence management • Creating a global anti-terrorism environment Protect the United States JOCs Defense Strategy Strategic Objective Sizing Constraints • Forward posture and presence • Promote security • Deterring aggression • Prevent surprise attacks • Eliminate safe havens • Preempt in self-defense • 1- Defend the Homeland • 4 – Operate in and from 4 Forward Regions • 2 – Swiftly Defeat Adversaries in Overlapping Campaigns • 1 – Win Decisive Campaign to Achieve Enduring Result • Limited Lesser Contingencies Prevent Conflict and Surprise Attack Strengthen Alliances and Partnerships JOCs Key Activities Assure Dissuade Deter Defeat • Battlespace Preparation • Swiftly Defeat Adversaries in Overlapping Campaigns • Win Decisively to Achieve More Enduring Results • Conduct Post-conflict Stability and Reconstruction Operations Prevail Against Adversaries JOCs

17. Establish Favorable Security Conditions NSS Strategic Aim Help Make the world not just safer, but better Goals Political and Economic Freedom Peaceful Relations with other States Respect for Human Dignity Military Tasks Military Objectives • Counter threats close to their source • Protecting strategic approaches • Defensive actions at home • Support to civil authorities and consequence management • Creating a global anti-terrorism environment Protect the United States JOCs Defense Strategy Strategic Objective Sizing Constraints • Forward posture and presence • Promote security • Deterring aggression • Prevent surprise attacks • Eliminate safe havens • Preempt in self-defense • 1- Defend the Homeland • 4 – Operate in and from 4 Forward Regions • 2 – Swiftly Defeat Adversaries in Overlapping Campaigns • 1 – Win Decisive Campaign to Achieve Enduring Result • Limited Lesser Contingencies Prevent Conflict and Surprise Attack Establish Favorable Security Conditions JOCs Key Activities Assure Dissuade Deter Defeat • Battlespace Preparation • Swiftly Defeat Adversaries in Overlapping Campaigns • Win Decisively to Achieve More Enduring Results • Conduct Post-conflict Stability and Reconstruction Operations Prevail Against Adversaries JOCs

18. The NMS: Executing the Strategy Joint Functions and Capabilities • Applying Force • Land Control Operations and Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) • Maritime/Littoral Control Operations and Maritime Interdiction Operations • Defend against Air and Missile Threats and Conduct Air Control Operations • Space Control Operations • Strategic Deterrence • Interagency Interoperability Training • Provide Support to Civil Authorities and Consequence Management • Deploying & Sustaining Military Capabilities • Force Generation • Force Management • Logistics • Securing Battlespace • Protection • Homeland Defense • Achieving Decision Superiority • Battlespace Awareness • Persistent Surveillance • Command & Control and interagency cooperation • Network Operations and intelligence sharing • Strategic Communications (PA, IO) Overarching Military Missions & Tasks National Military Objective • Counter threats close to their source • Protecting strategic approaches • Defensive actions at home • Support to civil authorities and consequence management • Creating a global anti-terrorism environment Protect the United States—Active Defense in Depth

19. The NMS: Executing the Strategy Joint Functions and Capabilities • Applying Force • Battlespace Shaping through Security Cooperation Activities and Exercises • Preemptive Global Strike • Forward Deterrence and Flexible Deterrent Options (FDOs) • Strategic (including Nuclear) Deterrence • Land Control, Maritime/Littoral Control, Air Control, and Space Control Operations • Non-traditional Operations and Stability Operations • Deploying & Sustaining Military Capabilities • Forward Stationed, Rotational and Temporarily Deployed Capabilities • Strategic Lift • Force Generation • Force Management • Logistics • Securing Battlespace • Prevent WMD attacks • Protection • Achieving Decision Superiority • Battlespace Awareness • Command & Control, Network Operations and Interagency Coordination • Strategic Communications (PA, IO) Overarching Military Missions & Tasks National Military Objective • Forward posture and presence • Promote security • Deterring aggression • Prevent surprise attacks • Eliminate safe havens • Preempt in self-defense Prevent Conflict and Surprise Attack

20. The NMS: Executing the Strategy Joint Functions and Capabilities • Applying Force • Strategic Deterrence • Non-traditional Operations • Land, Maritime/Littoral, Air and Space Control Operations • Access & Area Denial • Stability Operations • Shaping & Security Cooperation • Deploying & Sustaining Military Capabilities • Sustain Ongoing operations including Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Enduring Freedom and the War on Terrorism. • Force Generation • Force Management • Logistics • Securing Battlespace • Prevent WMD attacks • Protection • Achieving Decision Superiority • Battlespace Awareness • Command & Control • Network Operations • Interagency Coordination • Strategic Communications (PA, IO) Overarching Military Missions & Tasks National Military Objective • Battlespace Preparation • Swiftly Defeat Adversaries in Overlapping Campaigns • Win Decisively to Achieve More Enduring Results • Conduct Post-conflict Stability and Reconstruction Operations Prevail Against Adversaries

21. The NMS: Military Objectives, Missions, Joint Functions & Capabilities Military Missions & Tasks National Military Objectives • Applying Force • Battlespace Shaping through Security Cooperation Activities and Exercises • Preemptive Global Strike • Counter Anti-Access & Area Denial • Forward Deterrence, Flexible Deterrent Options (FDOs) and Strategic (including Nuclear) Deterrence • Land Control, Maritime/Littoral Control, Air Control, and Space Control Operations, and CIP • Non-traditional Operations and Stability Operations • Defend against Air and Missile Threats • Interagency Interoperability Training • Support to Civil Authorities & Consequence Management • Deploying & Sustaining Military Capabilities • Forward Stationed, Rotational and Temporarily Deployed Capabilities • Strategic Lift • Force Generation & Management • Logistics • Securing Battlespace • Prevent WMD attacks • Protection & Homeland Defense • Achieving Decision Superiority • Battlespace Awareness and Persistent Surveillance • Command & Control, Network Operations, intelligence sharing, and Interagency Coordination • Network Operations and Strategic Communications • Counter threats close to their source • Protecting strategic approaches • Defensive actions at home • Support to civil authorities and consequence management • Creating a global anti-terrorism environment Protect the United States • Forward posture and presence • Promote security • Deterring aggression • Prevent surprise attacks • Eliminate safe havens • Preempt in self-defense Prevent Conflict and Surprise Attack • Battlespace Preparation • Swiftly Defeat Adversaries in Overlapping Campaigns • Win Decisively to Achieve More Enduring Results • Conduct Post-conflict Stability and Reconstruction Operations Prevail Against Adversaries

22. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Defense Information Service Agency (DISA) Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA) Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) Defense Security Services (DSS) Defense Legal Services Agency (DLSA) Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) National Security Agency/Central Security Service (NSA/CSS) Missile Defense Agency (MDA) Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA) Defense Commissary Agency (DECA) Defense Finance and Accounting Service (DFAS) Pentagon Force Protection Agency (PFPA) DoD Agencies

23. DoD Field Activities • Armed Forces Information Services (AFIS) • Counterintelligence Field Activity (CIFA) • Defense POW/MIA Office • Defense Technology Security Administration (DTSA) • DoD Education Activity (DoDEA) • Office of Economic Adjustment • TRICARE Management Activity (TMA) • Washington Headquarters Services (WHS) • DoD Human Resources Activity (DoDHRA)