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Bell Ringer. What do you think cave people made paint from?. Stone Age. & Ancient Mediterranean Worlds. Stone Age. Stone Age is a term to designate the period in all human cultures when people used stone rather than metal tools
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Bell Ringer • What do you think cave people made paint from?
Stone Age & Ancient Mediterranean Worlds
Stone Age • Stone Age is a term to designate the period in all human cultures when people used stone rather than metal tools • The Stone Age began about 2.5 million years ago when small stones were first made into crude chopping tools. • The Stone Age ended in the Near East about 3000 B.C. when bronze replaced stone as the chief material for which tools were made.
Periods • Scientist have divided the Stone Age on the basis of tool making techniques. • Paleolithic- Old • Mesolithic- Middle • Neolithic- New
Example • The first examples of cave art were discovered in 1879 by a father and daughter. ( Northern Spain) Altimira, Spain • 1940 Lascaux Cave discovery by four boys. Lascaux, France • The latest prehistoric cave discovery was the Chauvet Cave in Chauvet, France
The latest prehistoric cave discovery was the Chauvet Cave in Chauvet, France
Why create art? • Two reasons cave men created art: 1. magic 2. religion How: brushes were made of animal hair tied to tiny bones. Paint: Ocher- earth and clay ground up mixed with animal fat. Images were usually large animals such as bison, bulls, reindeer, horses.
Venus of Willendorf25,000-15,000 B.C. • Fertility statue • Compact due to mobility • Found in Willendorf, Austria
StonehengeSalisbury Plain, England2500 B.C. • Megalithic structure -consists of large blocks of stone placed on top of each other without mortar. • Layout- a great circle of evenly spaced uprights supporting horizontal slabs called lintels. Two inner circles and an altar like stone in the center. • The entire structure is oriented to the exact point at which the sun rises on the day of the summer solstice(June 21st) and therefore it must have served a sun worshipping ritual.
Bell Ringer Who did the Egyptian leaders or kings believe in?
Egypt • The New Stone Age lasted from 4000-3000 B.C. • People began to move out of caves. • They: built shelters, used copper and bronze, raised animals, lived in large communities called cities, learned to read and write • Hieroglyphics-Egyptian form of picture writing • Palette of Narmer- Palette for cosmetics showing the King Narmer
The Rosetta Stone • Ancient Egyptianartifact which was instrumental in advancing modern understanding of hieroglyphic writing. The stone is a Ptolemaic era steel with carved text made up of three translations of a single passage: two in Egyptian language scripts (hieroglyphic and Demotic) and one in classical Greek.
Two of the earliest civilizations came about at this time; 1. Egypt- On the Nile River 2. Mesopotamia- “The land between the rivers,” Tigris and Euphrates The Egyptians were interested in architecture, they built tombs for the dead and temples for the gods they worshipped. Egypt
Egypt • The Nile River flooded the country every year; therefore they buried their dead above ground. • Egyptians believed in an afterlife therefore they built tombs and preserved the bodies through a method called embalming. • The bodies of the dead were preserved as “mummies” so their souls would have a place to live.
Egypt • Tombs were decorated with scenes of daily life as they had enjoyed. • Temples were built of stone and brick, the largest temples were called pyramids.
King Tut • King Tut was a boy king who reigned around 1361 B.C. His tomb was found completely intact.
Ziggurat- temple made of mud brick with a ramp like stairway leading to the high altar at the top
Code of Hammurabi-1792-1750 B.C. The Mesopotamians were the first to establish a code of laws under their ruler Hammurabi
Mesopotamians constructed walls around their cities for protection. These walls often contained images and sculptures of lions to scare off would be attackers. Ishtar Gate, Babylon
